tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22123885902880643222024-03-05T11:43:34.569-08:00Sinag Filipino Martial Arts InstituteKali . Arnis . Panuntukan . Sikaran . Buno . Sining . Kultura . Lahi (Filipino Martial Arts, Escrima, Eskrima, Estocada, de Mano)Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-32465332840691604582012-10-24T03:46:00.001-07:002012-10-24T03:46:54.331-07:00AN OPEN INVITATION<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Classical Arnis Workshop & Seminar</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">November 17, 2012, 9am- 5pm, Saturday</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">Cavite Provincial (aircon) Gym, Trece Martires City, Philippines</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">No participation fee, free snacks & lunch, bring your sticks & other equipments.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">Hosted by Cavite Cultural & Sport Arnis Federation & Provincial Youth & Sport Development Office - Cavite.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">Advanced Arnis Abaniko Tres Puntas combat & applied system in Mano-Mano, Knife & Dumog-Ipit.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">Instruction by GM Rene Tongson & guest instructors</span>Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-12771354551225705472012-10-24T03:12:00.004-07:002012-10-24T03:25:40.496-07:00Very abrupt, but...<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>ANNOUNCEMENT</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">We will be managing the NCSU Arnis Tournament this October 25, 2012. We are in need of people to help officiate the tournament. The venue is in Noveleta Elementary School in Noveleta, Cavite. Call time will be 8:00 AM.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Maraming Salamat po!</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Pugay!</span>Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-5517374927099367922012-10-09T01:04:00.003-07:002012-10-09T01:04:50.667-07:00<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">From Wikipedia</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Balintawak</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, also known as </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Balintawak Eskrima</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> or </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Balintawak Arnis</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, is a style of</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_art" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial art">Filipino martial art</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> developed by Venancio Bacon in the 1950s from earlier tutelage of Lorenzo Saavedra. It is named after </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">'s Balintawak Self Defense Club, where it was originally taught. In turn, the club took its name from the street of its location, Balintawak Street, where the original Balintawak masters trained.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Early in the 20th century, the colonizing</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Spaniards</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">left the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, ending their 300-year rule. In their place, came the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="United States of America">Americans</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">. It was during this period of change that Venancio Bacon was born in 1912 in</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcar,_Cebu" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Carcar, Cebu">Carcar, Cebu</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">. He grew up in San Nicolas town outside of Cebu City, he would become one of the Philippines’ most influential</span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">eskrimadors</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">.</span><sup class="Template-Fact" style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2009">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">He learned</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">eskrima</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">in the 1920s as a teenager. His formation as an</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">eskrimador</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">began in San Nicolas. This would later lead him to death matches, attacks, and eventually jail.</span><sup class="Template-Fact" style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
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Bacon's only teacher was Lorenzo Saavedra, of San Nicolas, who during this time had established the Labangon Fencing Club. At a time when many different styles of<i>eskrima</i> abounded, Saavedra’s was called the <i>Corto Linear</i>, although he was known to have mastered other styles. His best students were Teodoro Saavedra, his nephew, and Venancio Bacon. The Labangon Fencing Club, however, eventually dissipated into oblivion.</div>
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In 1932, the Doce Pares Club was formed. Headed by Lorenzo Saavedra, the club was composed of three Saavedra <i>eskrimadors</i> and nine from the Cañete family. This constituted the original twelve needed to symbolically actualize the title <i>Doce Pares</i>, which was named in honor of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_people" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="French people">Frenchman</a> whom Saavedra befriended and who he shared combat techniques with while in jail. <i>Doce Pares</i> also symbolized the Twelve Peers mentioned in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter_of_France" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Matter of France">Matter of France</a> - the knights or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paladin" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Paladin">paladins</a>of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>. Venancio Bacon was among the first members in the club and a few months later left the club due to arguments that the Doce Pares system was not an effective escrima.</div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a> broke out in the Philippines in the early 1940s. With the onset of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> occupation, many <i>eskrimadors</i> became<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> fighters, employing their art for the defense of their nation. It was during this time that Teodoro Saavedra died at the hands of Japanese soldiers.</div>
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After the war, in 1952, along with Vincente Atillo, Delfin Lopez, Jesus Cui, Timoteo Maranga, Lorenzo Gonzales, Isidro Bardilas, Andres Olaibar, and a few others, Bacon established a new club, calling it the Balintawak Street Self-Defense Club. The newly formed club started training in the backyard of a watch shop owned by Eduardo Baculi, one of Bacon’s students. This shop was located in a small side street in <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colon_Stret&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Colon Stret (page does not exist)">Colon</a>, called Balintawak Street.</div>
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The 1950s and 1960s was the "Golden Age" of <i>eskrima</i> in Cebu. <i>Eskrimadors</i> from various camps, mainly the two already mentioned, tested each other’s skills in all-out challenges. These resulted in injuries and sometimes deaths. Some were under honorable circumstances, while others treacherous. Vincente "Inting" Carin of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doce_Pares" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Doce Pares">Doce Pares</a> found himself attacked by multiple assailants, incurring various injuries, while reciprocating lethal injuries on his attackers he was able to adapt the balintawak style fighting to fend off his assailants. Delfin Lopez was knifed from behind, resulting in his death.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Venancio Bacon was ambushed in the dark while walking to his home in Labangon. He killed his assailant.</div>
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Bacon was incarcerated for killing the attacker, who was armed with a knife, in self-defense, the judge ruled that Bacon’s martial arts skills could be considered a lethal weapon<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eskrimadorsdocu.com_0-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima#cite_note-eskrimadorsdocu.com-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and should have been used with restraint. Bacon was paroled from prison in the mid-1970s. When he returned to Cebu, he continued to check on students, making sure the quality of Balintawak was still up to his standards since he left. Bacon regularly attended training sessions conducted by Jose Villasin and Teofilo Velez. A few years after, Bacon died.</div>
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Bacon's successors soon began to systematize the Balintawak curriculum. One was a lawyer named Jose Villasin, who set about to group the style into its various categories so that his students could master one set of related techniques and then move onto the next set of related techniques. At this point, several distinct schools of Balintawak emerged. Many of Bacon’s Balintawak students and some of his and the Saavedra's Doce Pares students continued to teach in the old method of random instruction, while Villasin taught in his "grouping" style.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima#cite_note-1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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Today, it may be concluded that the original Balintawak of Bacon is no longer taught, though there are a number of Balintawak groups that continue to teach their version of the system. Some instructors use a "grouping" method for teaching the techniques while others continue to teach single responses in the traditional way. The principles and concepts of Balintawak have, however, found their way into many different Filipino martial arts methods, most notably Balintawak student <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remy_Presas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Remy Presas">Remy Presas</a>' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Modern Arnis">Modern Arnis</a>.</div>
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Balintawak principally teaches single stick fencing, in a dueling format, sometimes a small second stick is used to simulate a dagger. Bacon developed single stick techniques, as during his work-outs and training with other members of the Doces Pares Club before World War II, he would stab people with his wooden training dagger. Some say his dagger was taken from him by Saavedra, while others say he was simply asked not to train with it. Either way, Bacon with the help of Atty. Jose Villasin developed and optimized his techniques based upon single stick work. Atty. Jose Villasin with the tutelage of Bacon developed the twelve basic strikes which is now used worldwide.</div>
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Balintawak uses twelve basic strikes because the human body is limited in movement. These twelve strikes form the basis from which a practitioner can develop, basic, semi-advanced and advanced movements.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bac_3-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima#cite_note-bac-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></div>
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There are only two formal ranks awarded by Balintawak Arnis . That has further expanded the techniques in these ranks into eight levels:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bac_3-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima#cite_note-bac-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></div>
<ul style="list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Completion of the Art</li>
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<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 1 - 12 basic strikes</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 2 - Defense and counter</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 3 - Grouping Systems</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 4 - Butting Techniques</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 5 - Disarms</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 6 - Semi-advanced Techniques</dd></dl>
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All techniques must be demonstrated with power, control, and body mechanics. A student will automatically fail the "Completion of the Art" test if they drop their stick, swear or make accidental contact with their partner.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bac_3-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima#cite_note-bac-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></div>
<ul style="list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Fully Qualified Instructor</li>
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<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 7 - Advanced Footwork</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Level 8 - Fully Qualified Instructor</dd></dl>
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Generally, a practitioner would need to be taught for two to three years to achieve a fully qualified instructor status because a student of their teaching would need to pass the "Completion of the Art", and they need to develop twenty-four techniques that are both unique and effective.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bac_3-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima#cite_note-bac-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></div>
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Non Grouping Curriculum</div>
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<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Abcedario</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Seguidas</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Corraidas</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">Cuentada</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"> ::Note: While this is not the most popular method or Curriculum, it is the way that GM Bacon taught his art. The discussion on which is better is not relevant here. It is only listed here for historic reference. Each person will train with those they want too, and that should be the end of the discussion.</dd></dl>
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<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">In this Curriculum, A student is a student until the instructor lets the student know they can teach.</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><br /></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Many Balintawak <i>eskrimadors</i> have become notable. These include <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timoteo_Maranga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Timoteo Maranga (page does not exist)">Timoteo Maranga</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnulfo_Mongcal&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnulfo Mongcal (page does not exist)">Arnulfo Mongcal</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jose_Villasin&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Jose Villasin (page does not exist)">Jose Villasin</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teodoro_Buot&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Teodoro Buot (page does not exist)">Teodoro</a> and<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sam_Buot&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Sam Buot (page does not exist)">Sam Buot</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teofilo_Velez&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Teofilo Velez (page does not exist)">Teofilo Velez</a>, and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Taboada&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Bobby Taboada (page does not exist)">Bobby Taboada</a>. They are the ones responsible for spreading Balintawak around the world. The two most prolific teachers of Balintawak were Villasin and Velez.</div>
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Some of the better-known current instructors are, GM Bobby Taboada, GM Bobby Tabimina, GM. Nick Elizar, GM Dr. Chris Go, GM Teddy Buot, Sam Buot, Sergio Arcel, GM Danilo Casio, GM Arturo Sanchez, GM Chito, GM Monnie and GM Eddie Velez (Sons of GGM. Velez), GM Dr. Ben Marapao, GM Nene Gaabucayan, Master Boy Baguio, Master Jun Marapao, GM Crispulo Atillo, Master Carlo KALOY Campaña, Master Rich Parsons, GM Henry Jayme, John Russell, Master Fabien Jolivel.</div>
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Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-89600194313816534422012-10-08T05:20:00.002-07:002012-10-08T05:20:23.161-07:00From Wikipedia<br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Doce Pares</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, a form of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrima">Eskrima</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, is a </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_art" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial art">Filipino martial art</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> that focuses on primarily on </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick_fighting" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Stick fighting">stick fighting</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> but also covers other weapons and empty-hands. Magellan's sword-wielding</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistadors" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Conquistadors">conquistadors</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> fell to Datu </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapu-Lapu" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lapu-Lapu">Lapu-Lapu</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> who used Eskrima</span><sup class="Template-Fact" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> to defeat the</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_people" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Spanish people">Spaniards</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> at the </span><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mactan,_April_27,_1521&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #a55858; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;" title="Battle of Mactan, April 27, 1521 (page does not exist)">Battle of Mactan, April 27, 1521</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">. It is said that Doce Pares can trace its history to Lapu-Lapu, but this is unverified.</span><sup class="Template-Fact" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> because Doce Pares was only founded on 1932.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">In the late 1920s,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Eskrima</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">attained a high level of popularity in</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, the second largest city in the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">. In 1932, the most renowned</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">eskrimadors</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, mainly from Cebu, founded</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Doce Pares</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">as a society to promote the only original native martial art of the Philippines. The name</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Doce Pares</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">is Visayan/Cebuano, the Native language of Cebu which has kept many Spanish words like Tagalog (the main Filipino language), meaning "Twelve Peers" or "twelve equals".</span><br />
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Of the founding members, only <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciriaco_Ca%C3%B1ete" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ciriaco Cañete">Ciriaco Cañete</a> and his right hand Fernando Candawan Sr. is still alive, however, several senior instructors, foremost GM Dionisio "Diony" Canete, who belong to the second generation of <i>eskrimadores</i> are very much active, teaching their own interpretation or styles of <i>Doce Pares Eskrima</i>.</div>
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Doce Pares has produced many champions in <i>Eskrima</i> competitions. During its founding, Lorenzo Saavedra, one of the original twelve masters, was recognized as the foremost <i>eskrimador</i> in Cebu City. He was ably supported by three other top-rated <i>eskrimadors</i>: Teodoro and Frederico Saavedra—Lorenzo, Filemon Cañete and by Khalil Gibran Auditor Salazar. Later, Teodoro Saavedra rose to prominence as the best fighter in the <i>Doce Pares</i> society, Venancio Bacon was among the first members in the club and a few months later left the club due to arguments that the Doce Pares system was not an effective escrima and founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balintawak Eskrima">Balintawak Eskrima</a>. Eulogio Cañete, Filemon's older brother, was elected first president of Doce Pares and remained in that position until his death in 1988.</div>
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During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Teodoro Saavedra, an active <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> fighter, was captured and killed by the occupying <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> forces. Shortly after Teodoro's death, the Cañete brothers co-founded <i>Doce Pares</i> in 1942, while their younger brother and future <i>eskrimador</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciriaco_Ca%C3%B1ete" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ciriaco Cañete">Ciriaco Cañete</a>, concentrated on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Boxing">boxing</a>.</div>
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In the early 1950s, <i>Eskrima</i> techniques and tactics were analyzed, devised, modified and systematized by Cacoy Cañete, based mostly on actual combat experience with other <i>eskrimadors</i> belonging to rival <i>Eskrima</i> schools. Among his many contributions to the development of this martial art is <i>Eskrido</i>, a combination of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">judo</a> and <i>Eskrima</i> techniques, as well as the most modern forms of Eskrima-offense and Eskrima-defense.</div>
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<b>Cacoy Doce Pares Eskrima</b> is a form of Doce Pares which utilizes a 29-inch rattan stick. The close quarter style is known as <i>"Corto Kurbada"</i> and is characterized by the curving strikes which are employed within its sparring methodology. Cacoy Doce Pares is promoted by Grandmaster <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciriaco_%22Cacoy%22_Ca%C3%B1ete" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ciriaco "Cacoy" Cañete">Ciriaco "Cacoy" Cañete</a> (12th Degree Black Belt). In 1951 Cañete incorporated concepts and techniques from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Aikido">aikido</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujutsu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jujutsu">Ju-Jitsu</a> which can be applied in sparring this is known as <i>"Eskrido"</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doce_Pares#cite_note-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> The system teaches double stick (penki-penki), stick & dagger (espada y daga) and empty handed applications (pangamot).</div>
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In 1981, Cañete travelled to the Kali Academy in Torrance, California to teach Cacoy Doce and Eskrido in the United States. The seminar was hosted by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Inosanto" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dan Inosanto">Dan Inosanto</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bustillo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Richard Bustillo">Richard Bustillo</a>, Bustillo went on to promote the art in the USA and abroad.</div>
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The <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Arnis_Association_of_the_Philippines_(NARAPHIL)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="National Arnis Association of the Philippines (NARAPHIL) (page does not exist)">National Arnis Association of the Philippines (NARAPHIL)</a> conducted the First Open Arnis Tournament on March 24, 1979, in Cebu City and the First National Invitational Arnis Tournament on August 19, 1979, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manila">Manila</a>. In both tournaments, <i>Doce Pares</i> emerged as Champion when one stick technique was applied in the Masters Division and most of the other divisions.</div>
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During the Third National Arnis Tournament in Cebu City, March 16, 1985, the <i>Doce Pares</i> contestants made a clean sweep of all championship awards in all categories – Openweight, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavyweight" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Heavyweight">Heavyweight</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleweight" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Middleweight">Middleweight</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lightweight">Lightweight</a>. Most runner-up honors also went to<i>Doce Pares</i> practitioners. Such was the reputation of invincibility of <i>Doce Pares</i> contestants that in the Fourth National Arnis Tournament, which took place in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacolod_City" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bacolod City">Bacolod City</a>, on July 26, 1986, <i>Doce Pares</i> officers and members were invited only as observers and officials, not as contestants. Since its founding, <i>Doce Pares</i> has enjoyed a special reputation among Philippine martial arts organizations as the developer and innovator after adaptating newest styles and techniques of <i>Balintawak Eskrima</i> the new one stick system.</div>
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Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-71555144106968136672012-10-08T04:39:00.002-07:002012-10-08T04:39:21.950-07:00From Wikipedia<br />
<b style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Modern Arnis</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">is the system of</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">founded by the late</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remy_Presas" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Remy Presas">Remy Presas</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">as a self-defense system. His goal was to create an injury-free training method as well as an effective self-defense system in order to preserve the older Arnis systems. The term</span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Modern Arnis</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">was used by Remy Presas' younger brother</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Presas" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Ernesto Presas">Ernesto Presas</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">to describe his style of Filipino</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">; since 1999 Ernesto Presas has called his system</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombatan" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kombatan">Kombatan</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">. It is derived principally from the traditional Presas family style of the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo_knife" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bolo knife">Bolo</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">(machete) and the stick-dueling art of</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Balintawak Eskrima">Balintawak Eskrima</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, with influences from other Filipino and</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Japan">Japanese</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">martial arts.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup><br />
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Arnis is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National symbols of the Philippines">Philippines' national martial art and sport</a>, after President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a> signed the Republic Act. No. 9850 in 2009. The Act mandates the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Department of Education</a> to include the sport as a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Education" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Physical Education">Physical Education</a> course. Arnis will be included among the priority sports in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palarong_Pambansa" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Palarong Pambansa">Palarong Pambansa</a></i>(National Games) beginning 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-National_1-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-National-1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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One of the characteristics of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a> is the use of weapons from the very beginning of training and Modern Arnis is no exception. The primary weapon is the rattan stick, called a cane or <i>baston</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_(weapon)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Club (weapon)">baton</a>), which varies in size, but is usually about 28 inches (71 cm) in length. Both single and double stick techniques are taught, with an emphasis on the former; unarmed defenses against the stick and against bladed weapons (which the stick is sometimes taken to represent) are a part of the curriculum.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-2" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></div>
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It is said that, originally, the cane was considered sacred by practitioners (Arnisadores), and therefore an arnis practitioner was expected to hit his cane at the hand or forearm of his sparring partner and not at the latter's cane. This had the advantage of being the preferred method in actual combat, referred to as "defanging the snake", that is, making the opponent drop his weapon so that he is less of a threat. However, it discouraged many would-be practitioners who found this training too painful and injury-inducing. The result was that the Filipino martial arts became in danger of dying out; in most areas of the Philippines, Japanese martial arts such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karate">Karate</a>and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">Judo</a> were much more popular than the indigenous systems. Remy Presas' modernization of the training method was intended to help preserve the Filipino martial arts. He taught the method of hitting cane-on-cane during practice, which attracted more newcomers to the art and allowed the art to be taught in the Philippines' school system. "Defanging the snake" remains a principle of Modern Arnis, however, and in practical application, one would typically strike the hand or arm. The technique can be used empty-handed, where it is known as "limb destruction".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wiley_3-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-Wiley-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></div>
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Training covers empty-hand self-defense (striking, locking, throwing, etc.) as well as the trademark single and double stick techniques of the Filipino martial arts. Other aspects of the art include <i>espada y daga</i> (sword and dagger fighting), <i>sinawali</i> (double stick weaving patterns), and <i>tapi-tapi</i> (locking drills with the stick). In addition to partner drills, Modern Arnis includes the use of <i>anyo</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kata">kata</a>), solo forms both with and without the stick. Emphasis is placed on fitting the art in with a student's previous training ("the art within your art"), smoothly reacting to changing situations in the fight ("the flow"), and countering the opponent's attempt to counter strikes directed at him ("tapi-tapi"). Practitioners are called <i>arnisadors</i> or Modern Arnis players.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup></div>
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In addition to its Filipino influences, elements of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">Judo</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotokan_Karate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shotokan Karate">Shotokan Karate</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wally_Jay" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wally Jay">Wally Jay</a>'s <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Circle_Jujutsu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Circle Jujutsu">Small Circle Jujutsu</a> appear in the system.</div>
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Remy Presas studied his family's system from an early age. He went on to study the Japanese systems of Shotokan Karate and Judo, achieving high rank in each; but he simultaneously studied a variety of other Filipino systems, most notably <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venancio_Bacon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Venancio Bacon">Venancio Bacon</a>'s<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balintawak Eskrima">Balintawak</a> . Beginning with a small gymnasium in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacolod_City" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bacolod City">Bacolod</a> in the 1950s, he attempted to spread the art to the local youth as both a cultural legacy and a form of physical development or sport. He taught the art at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Negros_Occidental-Recoletos" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos">University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos</a>. His desire to reinvigorate interest in his country's traditional martial art grew over time, and he began making modifications and improvements to what he had learned. In 1969 he moved to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manila">Manila</a> at the request of a government official, and formed the Modern Arnis Federation of the Philippines. He was assisted by individuals such as those who now are on the Modern Arnis Senior Masters Council:<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodel_Dagooc&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Rodel Dagooc (page does not exist)">Rodel Dagooc</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_dela_Cruz&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Jerry dela Cruz (page does not exist)">Jerry dela Cruz</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Dantes" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Roland Dantes">Roland Dantes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincente_Sanchez" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vincente Sanchez">Vincente Sanchez</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Tongson" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rene Tongson">Rene Tongson</a> and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cristino_Vasquez&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Cristino Vasquez (page does not exist)">Cristino Vasquez</a>. He continued to develop and spread his art, including via books, until political considerations forced him to relocate to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup></div>
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There he met <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wally_Jay" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wally Jay">Wally Jay</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dillman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="George Dillman">George Dillman</a>, and other martial artists who influenced his development of the art of Modern Arnis. In particular, many locks from <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Circle_Jujitsu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Circle Jujitsu">Small Circle Jujitsu</a> were added to Modern Arnis. The art continued to grow and change, in technique and in emphasis, though it always retained a focus on the single stick and on general self-defense. Those who trained with Remy Presas in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">United States</a> in the 1970s and early 1980s experienced the art differently from those who began training in the late 1990s. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s he traveled extensively for seminars – the principal form of instruction in the system was through weekend training camps held around the world but especially in the U.S. – and produced books and videos. During this time he experimented with different forms of titles and leadership in the art. The International Modern Arnis Federation Philippines would come to be the lead Modern Arnis organization in the Philippines, and the Deutschen Arnis Verband of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Germany">Germany</a> would be the lead organization in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Europe">Europe</a>. In the United States, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Modern_Arnis_Federation" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="International Modern Arnis Federation">International Modern Arnis Federation</a> (IMAF) was the principal organization as far as certification was concerned, but the founder created a variety of titles that indicated some level of organizational or leadership authority in the art (as opposed to titles such as <i>guro</i> ("teacher") or <i>Punong Guro</i> ("Head teacher") that recognized teaching and/or technical ability). Most prominent among these titles were <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Datu">Datu</a></i>, meaning a chieftain or leader, awarded in this order to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shishir_Inocalla" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shishir Inocalla">Shishir Inocalla</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Worden&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelly Worden (page does not exist)">Kelly Worden</a> and Ric "Bong" Jornales (of Arnis Sikaran) (all in the 1980s), <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Knuettel&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Dieter Knuettel (page does not exist)">Dieter Knuettel</a> (1996), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hartman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tim Hartman">Tim Hartman</a> and David Hoffman (both in 2000); and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Tapi-Tapi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Master of Tapi-Tapi (page does not exist)">Master of Tapi-Tapi</a>, awarded to <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Delaney&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Jeff Delaney (page does not exist)">Jeff Delaney</a>, Chuck Gauss, Jim Ladis, Gaby Roloff, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Randi_Schea&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Randi Schea (page does not exist)">Randi Schea</a>, Ken Smith, and Brian Zawilinski. The Masters of Tapi-Tapi titles were created to provide leadership and steerage for the IMAF following Remy Presas' passing; the Datus were expected to take leadership roles that might see them move in different, and perhaps less conventional, directions. Through 2001, however, the art remained largely united under the founder.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-8" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[9]</a></sup></div>
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In the wake of the 2001 death of Remy Preas, there has been a splintering of the remaining leadership of Modern Arnis. The IMAF, previously the organization of record for North American Modern Arnis practitioners, split into two subgroups, one headed by Randi Shea and one headed by Jeff Delaney; the remaining five Masters of Tapi-Tapi continue to be associated with the former group. Remy Presas' son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remy_P._Presas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Remy P. Presas">Remy P. Presas</a> and his siblings formed a group following his father's death, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hartman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tim Hartman">Tim Hartman</a> and Dieter Knuettel increased the independence of their organizations (the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMAA&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="WMAA (page does not exist)">WMAA</a> and DAV, respectively). Other groups, such as that headed by Kelly Worden, had become independent well before the founder's death (and with his support). Dan Anderson formed another branch of the art which he calls "MA80 System Arnis/Eskrima" which adds influences from Balintawak Eskrima and Integrated Eskrima. He heads this group out of Gresham, Oregon. While both IMAFs have claimed that rank must be certified through them to be valid, other individuals feel that the dynamic structure of the art, Remy Presas' frequent instructions to "make the art your own", their rank or title, and/or specific authority granted to them by the founder, mean that they are entitled to head their own organizations or groups that teach their own interpretation of the art.</div>
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In many ways, the situation is analogous to what occurred in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeet_Kune_Do" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jeet Kune Do">Jeet Kune Do</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Kenpo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="American Kenpo">American Kenpo</a> communities following the deaths of their popular and charismatic founders. In particular, the question of how high-ranking <i>arnisadors</i> should test for higher rank has been settled by different organizations in different ways. In some cases this has caused controversy. However, the fact remains that several groups are promoting what they see as 'traditional' Modern Arnis, while others are promoting variations of Modern Arnis, in keeping with its "modern" approach. The art is healthy and continues to attract students.</div>
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Current practitioners of Modern Arnis or arts strongly influenced by Modern Arnis who head their own organization or group or are otherwise prominent include: <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Delaney&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Jeff Delaney (page does not exist)">Jeff Delaney</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hartman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tim Hartman">Tim Hartman</a> and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Kn%C3%BCttel&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Dieter Knüttel (page does not exist)">Dieter Knüttel</a>.</div>
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Modern Arnis uses a ranking system similar to the Dan ranks used in Karate or other Japanese systems. There are some minor variations between organizations as to the exact number of belts. There are 10 or 11 black belt ranks in Modern Arnis, depending on the organization. They are numbered in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Isa</b> (pronounced as <i>i-sah</i> or <i>e-sah</i>; which literally means "one")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Dalawa</b> (pronounced <i>dah-la-wah</i>; as literally means "two")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tatlo</b> (pronounced as <i>tat-loh</i>; literally means "three")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Apat</b> (pronounced as <i>Ah-pat</i>; literally means "four")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Lima</b> (pronounced as <i>li-mah</i>;literally means "five")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Anim</b> (pronounced as <i>ah-neem</i>; literally means "six")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Pito</b> (pronounced as <i>pi-toh</i>; literally means "seven")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Walo</b> (pronounced as "wah-loh"; literally means "eight")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Siyam</b> (pronounced as <i>si-yam</i>; literally means "nine")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Sampu</b> (pronounced as <i>sam-po</i>; literally means "ten")</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Labing-isa</b> (in some organizations) (pronounced as <i>lah-bing-i-sah</i>; literally means "eleven")</li>
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Many groups use a "zero-degree" black belt rank as a probationary stage that comes before <i>Isa</i>. The actual name of the ranks is gender-specific. For men the rank is referred to as <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lakan">Lakan</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> for <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobleman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nobleman">nobleman</a>) while for women it is referred to as <i>Dayang</i> (Tagalog for<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lady">lady</a>). Thus, a first degree black belt in Modern Arnis would be referred to as either a <i>Lakan Isa</i> or a <i>Dayang Isa</i>, depending on his or her gender. The "zero-degree" rank, if used, is referred to as simply <i>Lakan</i> or <i>Dayang</i>. The black belt is traditionally bordered with red; however, some groups use a plain black belt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Paman_2007_p._38_9-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis#cite_note-Paman_2007_p._38-9" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[10]</a></sup></div>
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In addition to rank, titles such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Datu">Datu</a>, Commissioner, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Tapi-Tapi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Master of Tapi-Tapi (page does not exist)">Master of Tapi-Tapi</a>, Senior Master, <i>Punong Guro</i>, etc., have occasionally been granted to certain high-ranking individuals. The title <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Guro</a></i> is typically given to all <i>Lakans</i> and <i>Dayangs</i>.</div>
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Modern Arnis is currently perpetuated by a number of organizations worldwide, with some of the largest being the DAV of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Modern_Arnis_Federation" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="International Modern Arnis Federation">International Modern Arnis Federation</a> (IMAF) under Randi Schea, and the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Modern_Arnis_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="World Modern Arnis Alliance (page does not exist)">World Modern Arnis Alliance</a> (WMAA). Countries where the art is most popular include the Philippines, the United States, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and Germany, but there are practitioners in many other nations.</div>
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Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-71746937132508292582012-10-07T23:10:00.004-07:002012-10-07T23:10:55.639-07:00LSAI 2012 OPEN INVITATIONAL TOURNAMENT<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Lightning Scientific Arnis International (LSAI)</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">2012 OPEN INVITATIONAL TOURNAMENT</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">November 24, 2012</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Don Bosco Technical Institute,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Makati City, Metro Manila</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">For info:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Charlie Ociman</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">email: <b>akosiozzy@yahoo.com.ph</b></span></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-83552379751268064102012-10-07T02:54:00.002-07:002012-10-08T01:17:35.506-07:00<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">From wikipedia</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Eskrima</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Arnis</b><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wiley_0-0" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-Wiley-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> and (in the West) </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Kali</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> are umbrella terms for the traditional </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> that emphasize </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts_weapons" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Martial arts weapons">weapon-based fighting</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> with </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick_fighting" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Stick fighting">sticks</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knife_fighting" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Knife fighting">knives</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> and other</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladed_weapon" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bladed weapon">bladed weapons</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, and various improvised weapons. It also includes </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Hand-to-hand combat">hand-to-hand combat</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">and weapon disarming techniques. For the purpose of convenience, the term Eskrima shall be used to refer to these interchangeable terms for the rest of the article.</span><br />
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For all intents and purposes, eskrima, arnis and kali all refer to the same family of Filipino weapon-based martial arts and fighting systems. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> they may go by the name of <i>arnis</i>, <i>arnis de mano</i>, <i>sinawali</i>, <i>pagkalikali</i>, <i>pananandata</i> (use of weapons), <i>didya</i>,<i>kabaroan</i> (blade usage) and <i>kaliradman</i>. In the Visayas and Mindanao, these martial arts have been referred to as <i>eskrima</i>, <i>kali</i> and<i>kalirongan</i>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntao" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuntao">Kuntaw</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silat">silat</a> are separate martial arts that have been practiced in the islands.</div>
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Both <i>eskrima</i> and <i>arnis</i> are loans from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and ultimately from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frankish" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Old Frankish">Old Frankish</a>:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Eskrima</b> is a Filipinization of the Spanish word for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fencing">fencing</a> (<i>esgrima</i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-2" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Arnis</b> comes from <i>arnes</i>, Old Spanish for <i>armor</i> (<i>harness</i> is an archaic English term for armor which comes from the same roots as the Spanish term). It is derived from the armor costumes used in <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moros_y_Cristianos" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Moros y Cristianos">Moro-moro</a></i> stage plays where actors fought mock battles using wooden swords. Allegedly, the practice of weaponry by the peasants or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Austronesian peoples">Indios</a> was banned by the Spaniards during colonial times and the <i>Moro-moro</i> stick fights were a "disguised" form of continued practice of indigenous martial arts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></li>
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The name 'kali' is primarily used in the United States and Europe, and seldom in the Visayas, in some cases being an unknown word to eskrima practitioners. The term is used mostly in Mindanao, but due to the popularity of the term outside of the Philippines and the influence of foreign practitioners the term has now been accepted as a synonym for eskrima and arnis.</div>
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In their <i>Cebu Eskrima Myth</i> distributed by Lex libris, Dr. Ned Nepangue and Tinni Macachor contend that the word did not exist until the 1960s when two well-known eskrimadors in the United States popularized it to distinguish what they taught from other styles. One belief is that the word comes from <i>tjakalele</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-ReferenceA-4" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> a tribal style of stick-fencing from Indonesia. This is supported by the similarities between tjakalele and eskrima techniques, as well as Mindanao's proximity to Indonesia. Numerous alternative theories attempt to explain the term's origin:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kali may be a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuano_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a> words "ka"mot, or "ka"may meaning hand or body, and "li"hok, meaning motion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blackeaglehistory_6-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-blackeaglehistory-6" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">There exist numerous similar terms of reference for martial arts such as <i>kalirongan</i>, "kalibanga", <i>kaliradman</i> and <i>pagkalikali</i>. These may be the origin of the term <i>kali</i> or they may have evolved from it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-ReferenceA-4" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> Since <i>eskrima</i> and <i>arnis</i> are derived from Spanish words, the preference for the term <i>kali</i> by foreigners is due to its lack of a definitive foreign origin and an attempt to preserve authenticity of a name that has otherwise been lost to history.</li>
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Practitioners of the arts are called <i>eskrimador</i> for those who call their art <i>eskrima</i>, <i>arnisador</i> for those who call theirs <i>arnis</i> and <i>kalista</i>or <i>mangangali</i> for those who practice <i>kali</i>.</div>
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When the Spaniards began colonizing the Philippines, they saw an already-developed weapons-based martial arts practiced by the natives.</div>
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After the decree prohibiting the native to carry full-sized swords (such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kris">Kris</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampilan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kampilan">Kampilan</a>), the elite and underground practitioners maintained and kept the art alive. To circumvent the decree, some practitioners used sticks made out of rattan rather than swords, as well as small knives wielded like a sword. Eskrima can be traced back from the Portuguese <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A9_Pires" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tomé Pires">Tomé Pires</a>' <i>Suma Oriental</i> to Lapu-lapu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup></div>
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As escrima is an art for the common folk (as opposed to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nobility">nobility</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrior" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Warrior">warrior</a> classes), most practitioners lacked the scholarly education to create any kind of written record. While the same can be said of many martial arts, this is especially true for eskrima because almost all of its history is anecdotal, oral or promotional. The origin of eskrima can be traced back to the fighting systems used by Filipinos during internal conflicts. Settlers and traders travelling through the Malay Archipelago brought the influence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silat">silat</a> as well as<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chinese martial arts">Chinese</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian martial arts">Indian martial arts</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-8" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-9" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[10]</a></sup> Some of the population still practices localised Chinese fighting methods known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntao" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuntao">kuntaw</a>.</div>
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Among the earliest written records of Filipino martial arts comes from the Spanish <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistadors" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Conquistadors">conquistadors</a> who fought native tribesmen armed with sticks and knives.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Draeger_10-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-Draeger-10" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[11]</a></sup> Driven back to their ships, the European colonists had to resort to fire-arms to defeat the Filipinos.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Draeger_10-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-Draeger-10" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[11]</a></sup> In 1521, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> was killed in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_Island" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cebu Island">Cebu</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mactan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Battle of Mactan">Battle of Mactan</a> by the forces of Raja <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapu-Lapu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lapu-Lapu">Lapu-Lapu</a>, the Mactan tribal chief. Although eskrimadors hold that Lapu-Lapu killed Magellan in a sword-fight, the only eyewitness account of the battle by chronicler <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a> tells that he was stabbed in the face and the arm with spears and overwhelmed with multiple warriors who hacked and stabbed at him:</div>
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The natives continued to pursue us, and picking up the same spear four or six times, hurled it at us again and again. Recognizing the captain, so many turned upon him that they knocked his helmet off his head twice, but he always stood firmly like a good knight, together with some others. Thus did we fight for more than one hour, refusing to retire farther. <i>An Indian hurled a bamboo spear into the captain's face</i>, but the latter immediately killed him with his lance, which he left in the Indian's body. Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could draw it out but halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear. When the natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them wounded him on the left leg with a large cutlass, which resembles a scimitar, only being larger. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when immediately they rushed upon him with iron and bamboo spears and with their cutlasses, until they killed our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. <i>When they wounded him, he turned back many times to see whether we were all in the boats.</i> Thereupon, beholding him dead, we, wounded, retreated, as best we could, to the boats, which were already pulling off.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-11" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[12]</a></sup></div>
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Sources differ on the degree to which Eskrima was affected by the Spanish colonization. The fact that many Eskrima techniques have Spanish names adds fuel to the debate, but this can be explained as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Spanish Language">Spanish</a> was the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> of the Philippines until the early 20th century. Some theorize that there were groups of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistadors" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Conquistadors">conquistadors</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> warrior-priests who taught the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Austronesian peoples">Indios</a> how to defend themselves against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Moro people">Moro</a> raiders. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Saint Ignatius of Loyola">Saint Ignatius of Loyola</a>, the founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit order</a> was a veteran knight and soldier and many Jesuits knew how to defend themselves as they were generally dispatched into the most dangerous areas by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pope">Pope</a>. One of the apparent influences from Spanish styles is the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Espada_y_daga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Espada y daga (page does not exist)">espada y daga</a> (sword and dagger) method, but some disagree as Filipino <i>espada y daga</i>appears to be distinct from European <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapier" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rapier">rapier</a> and dagger techniques; the stances are different as weapons used in Eskrima are typically shorter than European swords.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-12" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[13]</a></sup></div>
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One thing that is known is that some of the arts were hidden from the Spaniards and passed down through familial or communal ties, usually practiced under the moonlight or right under the Spaniards noses by disguising them as entertainment like with choreographed dances such as the <i>Sakuting</i> stick dance<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-13" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[14]</a></sup> or during mock battles at <i>Moro-moro</i> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moros_y_Cristianos" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Moros y Cristianos">Moros y Cristianos</a>) stage plays. Due to the way the arts were then clandestinely practiced, one apparent effect of Spanish subjugation and disarmament of the civilian population was the evolution of unique and complex stick-based techniques in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Visayas">Visayas</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> regions (unlike Southern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> which retains almost exclusively blade-oriented techniques as it was never fully conquered and disarmed by the Spaniards and Americans).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-14" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[15]</a></sup></div>
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Although the turbulent and conflict-fraught history and environment of the Philippines enabled eskrima to develop into an efficient art, this has changed in the sense that some systematization allowed easier and quicker teaching of the basics. With the exception of a few older and more established systems, it was previously common to pass the art from generation to generation in an informal approach. This has made attempts to trace the lineage of a practitioner difficult. For example, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Illustrisimo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonio Illustrisimo">Antonio Illustrisimo</a> seemed to have learned to fight while sailing around the Philippines, while his nephew and student <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floro_Villabrille&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Floro Villabrille (page does not exist)">Floro Villabrille</a> claimed to have been taught by a blind Moro princess in the mountains; a claim later refuted by the older Illustrisimo. Both have since died.</div>
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The Philippines has what is known as a <i>blade culture</i>. Unlike in the West where <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Middle Ages">Medieval</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> combative and self-defense <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Historical European martial arts">blade arts</a> have gone extinct (having devolved into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fencing">sport fencing</a> with the advent of firearms),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reclaimingTheBlade_15-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-reclaimingTheBlade-15" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[16]</a></sup> blade fighting in the Philippines is a living art. Local folk in the Philippines are much more likely to carry knives than guns. They are commonly carried as tools by farmers, used by street vendors to prepare coconuts, pineapples, other fruits and meats, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balisong_(knife)" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balisong (knife)">balisongs</a> are cheap to procure in the streets as well as being easily concealed. In fact, in some areas in the countryside, carrying a farming knife like the <i>itak</i> or <i>bolo</i> was a sign that one was making a living because of the nature of work in those areas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-espera1_16-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-espera1-16" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[17]</a></sup> In the language of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Palau">Palau</a>, the term for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_people" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> is <i>chad ra oles</i> which literally means "people of the knife" because of Filipinos' reputation for carrying knives and using them in fights.</div>
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Americans were first exposed to eskrima during the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine-American_War" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippine-American War">Philippine-American War</a> in events such as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balangiga_Massacre" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balangiga Massacre">Balangiga Massacre</a> where most of an American company was hacked to death or seriously injured by bolo-wielding guerillas in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balangiga" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balangiga">Balangiga</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Samar" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eastern Samar">Samar</a> or in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_Rebellion" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Moro Rebellion">battles in Mindanao</a> where an American serviceman was decapitated by a Moro warrior even after he emptied his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.38_Long_Colt" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title=".38 Long Colt">.38 Long Colt</a> caliber revolver into his opponent. That and similar events led to the request and the development of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.45_ACP" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Thompson" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="John T. Thompson">Col. John T. Thompson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_La_Garde" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Louis La Garde">Louis La Garde</a>and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Browning" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="John Browning">John Browning</a> which had more stopping power.</div>
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During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a>, many Filipinos fought the Japanese hand to hand with their blades as guerilla fighters or as military units under the<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAFFE" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="USAFFE">USAFFE</a> like the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolo_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Bolo Battalion (page does not exist)">Bolo Battalion</a> (now known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(Philippines)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1st Infantry Division (Philippines)">Tabak Division</a>).</div>
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Some of the grandmasters who are known to have used their skills in World War II are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Illustrisimo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonio Illustrisimo">Antonio Illustrisimo</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Guiron&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo Guiron (page does not exist)">Leo Guiron</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teodoro_Saavedra&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Teodoro Saavedra (page does not exist)">Teodoro Saavedra</a>, brothers <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doce_Pares" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Doce Pares">Eulogio and Cacoy Cañete</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-doceParesWW2_20-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-doceParesWW2-20" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[21]</a></sup> <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timoteo_Maranga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Timoteo Maranga (page does not exist)">Timoteo Timor Maranga, Sr</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-timor1_21-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-timor1-21" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[22]</a></sup> <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesus_Bayas&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Jesus Bayas (page does not exist)">Jesus Bayas</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suanico1_22-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-suanico1-22" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[23]</a></sup> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekiti_Tirsia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pekiti Tirsia">Balbino Tortal</a>.</div>
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The arts had no traditional belting or grading systems as they were taught informally. In fact, it was said that to proclaim a student a "master" was considered ridiculous and a virtual death warrant as the individual would become challenged left and right to potentially lethal duels by other eskrimadors looking to make names for themselves. Belt ranking was a recent addition adopted from Japanese arts such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karate">Karate</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">Judo</a> which had become more popular with Filipinos. They were added in order to give structure to the systems and to be able to compete in attention for students as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a> were at the brink of extinction via obscurity with the general populace by the mid to late 20th century due to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernization" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Modernization">modernization</a>.</div>
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With regards to its spread outside the Philippines, eskrima was brought to Hawaii and California as far back as the 1920s by Filipino migrant workers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eskrimadors2_24-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-eskrimadors2-24" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[25]</a></sup> Its teaching was kept strictly within Filipino communities until the late 1960s when masters such as <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_Cabales&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Angel Cabales (page does not exist)">Angel Cabales</a>began teaching it to others. Even then, instructors teaching eskrima in the 1960s and 70s were often reprimanded by their elders for publicly teaching a part of their culture that had been preserved through secrecy.</div>
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In recent years, there has been increased interest in eskrima for its usefulness when defending against knives and other street encounters. As a result, many systems of eskrima have been modified in varying degrees to make them more marketable to a worldwide audience. Usually this involves increased emphasis on locking, controls, and disarms, focusing mainly on aspects of self-defense. However, most styles follow the philosophy that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_best_defense_is_a_good_offense" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="The best defense is a good offense">the best defense is a good offense</a>. Modern training methods tend to de-emphasize careful footwork and low stances, stressing the learning of techniques as opposed to more direct (and often lethal) tactics designed to instantly end an encounter.</div>
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One of the most important practices in classical eskrima was dueling, without any form of protection. The matches were preceded by<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cock-fighting" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cock-fighting">cock-fighting</a> and could be held in any open space, sometimes in a specially constructed enclosure. Eskrimadors believe this tradition pre-dates the colonial period, pointing to similar practices of kickboxing matches in mainland <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> as evidence. Spanish records tell of such duelling areas where cock-fights took place. The founders of most of the popular eskrima systems were famous duelists and legends circulate about how many opponents they killed. In rural areas throughout the Philippines today, modern eskrima matches are still held in dueling arenas. In bigger cities, recreations of duels are sometimes held at parks by local eskrima training-halls. These demonstrations are not choreographed beforehand but neither are they full-contact competitions.</div>
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In modern times, public dueling has been deemed illegal in the Philippines to reduce legal problems that arose from injury or death.</div>
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After decades of lobbying and overdue recognition, Arnis/Eskrima/Kali was proclaimed as the official National Martial Art and Sport of the Philippines in January 2010.</div>
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There are 2 main types of Eskrima practiced as a sport. The oldest and most common system used internationally is that of the<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WEKAF&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="WEKAF (page does not exist)">WEKAF</a> (<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Eskrima_Kali_Arnis_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="World Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation (page does not exist)">World Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation</a>). The more recent one is the Arnis Philippines<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-25" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[26]</a></sup> (ARPI) system and was most prominently used during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnis_at_the_2005_Southeast_Asian_Games" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnis at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games">2005 Southeast Asian Games</a>.</div>
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The WEKAF system works on a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-point_must_system" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="10-point must system">10-point must system</a> similar to boxing where participants spar with live sticks while wearing a long padded vest with skirt and sleeves and a helmet similar to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kendo">Kendo</a> headgear. Hitting below the thigh is prohibited. This format has sometimes been criticized because it emphasizes a heavy offense at the expense of defensive techniques sometimes with players raining blows on each other without defending, giving rise to the impression that combatants are merely hitting each other in a disorganized way. This has been tackled by introducing a 'four second rule', to prevent constant and unrealistic attacks, and judges are not to score the same strike if used more than twice in succession. fighters will be warned and points removed for continuing after 2 warnings, but still the fights can easily come down to an unrealistic attack from an unskilled fighter impressing the judges with many body hits after taking two or three clear, strong hits to the hands and head.</div>
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This is, to some, an antithesis to traditional training methods, where training in footwork and arm/weapon movements are intricate and precise and any part of an opponent's body is fair game. As a consequence, WEKAF tournaments may be seen as not promoting the original art. Moreover, participants have been known to suffer broken bones and injured tendons due to the fact that live sticks are used, so the older system is considered to be more hardcore and less safe. Another complaint about the WEKAF system is that it uses the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-point_must_system" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="10-point must system">10-point must system</a> which is more subjective depending on who is judging. Favoritism among judges and players is a common complaint with this scoring system due to its subjectivity.</div>
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Since the WEKAF system is more risky, it is preferred by many practitioners who want to test themselves. The WEKAF system is the most widely used format internationally.</div>
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The Arnis Philippines system uses foam-padded sticks about an inch in diameter with thin rattan cores roughly a centimeter in diameter. These sticks are meant to break before serious injury occurs. For protection, the same headgear used in the WEKAF system, and a large groin guard is required for males. Vests (optional for men, required for women), optional armguards, shinguards and leg wraps are used. Scoring is more similar to fencing where fighters are separated after solid clean hits are made (observed by multiple judges stationed at different positions to be able to observe if the hits were clean and unblocked and able to determine the strength of the strike by the loudness of the impact). Alternative ways to score are to disarm one's opponent or to force him to step outside the ring.</div>
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The entire body from head to toe is fair game as targets, except for the back of the head which is less protected by the headgear. Stabs to the face are not allowed because the thin rattan core may penetrate the padding and slip through the grills of the headgear and go into the player's eye. Thrusts to the body score points but are harder to present to judges for scoring because they make less noise and it is difficult to determine impact.</div>
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Punches, kicks and throws are not allowed, nor is prolonged clinching to prevent the opponent from striking (similar to Western Boxing) in order to keep the game moving and more interesting for the audience who may not appreciate the fine and practical aspects of grappling. Disarms must be performed quickly and cleanly in order to be counted. Because the legs are legal targets, in lighter weight divisions, complex evasion and deep lunges where players lie horizontal with the torso almost touching the floor to extend reach are often seen.</div>
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The emphasis of the ARPI system is on safety for the players as it is applying to become a recognized Olympic sport like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">judo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karate">karate</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fencing">fencing</a>.</div>
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Even though padded sticks are used in the sport, players regularly retain large bruises that last for weeks and sometimes minor injuries to joints and because of the sheer amount of force generated by conditioned practitioners. Sometimes the stuffing commonly comes off from the harder hitting players and one cause of injury is when a player is struck by the exposed rattan core. Still, these are relatively minor as compared to injuries sustained when practitioners spar with live sticks.</div>
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One major problem with the ARPHI system is that because the padded sticks with light rattan cores are used, they tend to flex and "lag", thus making the experience significantly different from using a live stick and in that sense, lessens the "realism" of this system. This is acceptable though as again, the emphasis is on safety.</div>
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Like the sayaw (meaning "dance") in the WEKAF system, the ARPI system has a separate single and team choreographed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kata">Kata</a>-like division called <i>Anyo</i> (Tagalog for 'forms'). Aside from the visual appeal, practical combative applications must be clearly seen so as to avoid looking like just <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorette_(dancer)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Majorette (dancer)">majorettes</a> in marching bands who just twirl batons and dance (a concept similar to the <i>Floreio</i> ("flowery") aspect in the Brazilian martial art <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeira" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Capoeira">capoeira</a> and tricking which are more for show than practicality).</div>
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In another variation that simulates knife fights, competitors use false blades edged with lipstick to mark where an opponent has been struck. These matches are considered more similar to traditional duels than the WEKAF point-system.</div>
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krima students start their instruction by learning to fight with weapons, and only advance to empty-hand training once the stick and knife techniques have been sufficiently mastered. This is in contrast to most other well-known <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Asian martial arts">Asian martial arts</a> but it is justified by the principle that bare-handed moves are acquired naturally through the same exercises as the weapon techniques, making <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_memory" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Muscle memory">muscle memory</a> an important aspect of the teaching. It is also based on the obvious fact that an armed person who is trained has the advantage over a trained unarmed person, and serves to condition students to fight against armed assailants. Most systems of eskrima apply a single set of techniques for the stick, knife, and empty hands, a concept sometimes referred to as motion grouping. Since the weapon is seen as simply an extension of the body, the same angles and footwork are used either with or without a weapon. The reason for this is probably historical, because tribal warriors went into battle armed and only resorted to bare-handed fighting after losing their weapons.</div>
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Many systems begin training with two weapons, either a pair of sticks or a stick and a wooden knife. These styles emphasise keeping both hands full and never moving them in the same direction, and trains practitioners to become ambidextrous. For example, one stick may strike the head while the other hits the arm. Such training develops the ability to use both limbs independently, a skill which is valuable even when working with one weapon.</div>
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A core concept and distinct feature of Filipino martial arts is the <i>Live Hand</i>. Even when as a practitioner wields only one weapon, the extra hand is used to control, trap or disarm an opponent's weapon and to aid in blocking, joint locking and manipulation of the opponent or other simultaneous motions such as biceps destruction with the <i>live hand</i>.</div>
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The most basic and common weapon in eskrima is the <i>yantok</i>. They are typically constructed from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rattan">rattan</a>, an inexpensive stem from a type of<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asian" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Southeast Asian">Southeast Asian</a> vine. Hard and durable yet lightweight, it shreds only under the worst abuse and will not splinter like wood, making it a safer training tool. This aspect makes it useful in defence against blades. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamagong" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kamagong">Kamagong</a> (ironwood or ebony) and <i>bahi</i> (heart of the palm) are sometimes used after being charred and hardened. These hardwoods are generally not used for sparring, however, as they are dense enough to cause serious injury, but traditional sparring does not include weapon to body contact. The participants are skilled enough to parry and counterstrike, showing respect in not intentionally hitting the training partner. In North America and Europe, eskrima practitioners wear head and hand protection while sparring with rattan sticks, or otherwise use padded batons. Some modern schools use sticks made out of aluminium or other metals, or modern high-impact plastics.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eskrima&action=edit&section=14" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Impact weapons">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Impact_weapons">Impact weapons</span></h3>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Baston, olisi, yantok: stick ranging from twenty-four to twenty-eight inches long.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Largo mano yantok: longer stick ranging from twenty-eight to thirty-six inches</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dulo y dulo: short stick about four to seven inches in length, held in the palm of the hand</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bankaw: six-foot pole. Staves can be used to practice sword techniques</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Wooden dagger measuring 12 to 14 inches (300 to 360 mm)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panangga: shield</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_weapons" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Improvised weapons">Improvised weapons</a>: Pens, car keys (using the push knife grip), cellular phones, flashlights, coffee mugs, umbrellas, rolled-up magazines & newspapers, books, tennis rackets, bottles, chair legs, etc.</li>
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<span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eskrima&action=edit&section=15" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Edged weapons">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Edged_weapons">Edged weapons</span></h3>
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<i>Baraw</i> is a Cebuano term used in the art of Eskrima that means knife or dagger. The term <i>Baraw</i> is more commonly used on the Cebu Island in the Visayan region whereas other islands and regions more commonly use the term <i>Daga</i> but both terms are often interchangeable within the Filipino martial arts community.</div>
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The terms Baraw and Daga can be used either as <i>Solo Baraw</i> or <i>Solo Daga</i> associated with single knife fighting and defence systems,<i>Doble Baraw</i> or <i>Doble Daga</i> associated with the double knife fighting systems or even with a combination of long and short weapons e.g. stick and dagger fighting systems <i>Olisi Baraw</i> or sword and dagger fighting systems <i>Espada y Daga</i>.</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Daga/Cuchillo/Baraw: daggers or knives of different shapes and sizes</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balisong_(knife)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balisong (knife)">Balisong</a>: fan knife or butterfly knife from Barrio Balisong in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batangas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Batangas">Batangas</a> province. The handle is two-piece and attaches to a swivel that folds to enclose the blade when shut.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karambit" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karambit">Karambit</a>: claw-shaped Indo-Malay blade held by inserting the finger into a hole at the top of the handle.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo_knife" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bolo knife">Bolo</a>: a knife/sword similar to a machete</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinuti" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pinuti">Pinuti</a>: a type of bolo from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo_knife" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bolo knife">Iták or sundáng</a>: a sword created by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugis_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bugis people">Bugis people</a> of Indonesia. Its blade is usually wavy.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Barang: flat-headed blade</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Binikoko: long blade named after a porgy fish</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahong_Palay" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dahong Palay">Dinahong palay</a>: blade named after a type of poisonous snake</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalis">Kalis</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kris">Kris</a>: Indo-Malay dagger, often given a wavy blade, it is most commonly used in the southern provinces</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampilan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kampilan">Kampilan</a>: fork-tipped sword, popular in the southern Philippines</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sibat">Sibat</a>: spear</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_weapons" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Improvised weapons">Improvised weapons</a>: Icepicks, box cutters, screwdrivers, broken bottles</li>
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<span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eskrima&action=edit&section=16" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Flexible weapons">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Flexible_weapons">Flexible weapons</span></h3>
<ul style="list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a>: a length of fabric wrapped around the waist</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ekut: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handkerchief" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Handkerchief">handkerchief</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabak-Toyok" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tabak-Toyok">Tabak-toyok</a>: chained sticks or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunchaku" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nunchaku">nunchaku</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Whip">Latigo</a> (Spanish for whip): consisting of a handle between 8 and 12 inches (200 and 300 mm), and a lash composed of a braided thong 3–20 ft (0.91–6.1 m) long. The "fall" at the end of the lash is a single piece of leather 10–30 inches (250–760 mm) in length.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-26" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_weapons" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Improvised weapons">Improvised weapons</a>: Belt, bandana, handkerchiefs, shirts, towels with hard soap bars, ropes, power cables, etc.</li>
</ul>
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Most systems recognize that the technical nature of combat changes drastically as the distance between opponents changes, and generally classify the ranges into at least three categories. Each range has its characteristic techniques and footwork. Of course, some systems place more emphasis on certain ranges than others, but almost all recognize that being able to work in and control any range is essential. The Balintawak style for example, uses long-, medium- and short-range fighting techniques, but focuses on the short-range.</div>
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In order to control the range, and for numerous other purposes, good footwork is essential. Most eskrima systems explain their footwork in terms of triangles: normally when moving in any direction two feet occupy two corners of the triangle and the step is to the third corner such that no leg crosses the other at any time. The shape and size of the triangle must be adapted to the particular situation. The style of footwork and the standing position vary greatly from school to school and from practitioner to practitioner. For a very traditional school, very conscious of battlefield necessities, stances will usually be very low, often with one knee on the ground, and footwork will be complex, involving many careful cross-steps to allow practitioners to cope with multiple opponents. The Villabrille and San Miguel styles are usually taught in this way. Systems that have been adapted to duels or sporting matches generally employ simpler footwork, focusing on a single opponent. North American schools tend to use much more upright stances, as this puts less stress on the legs, but there are some exceptions.</div>
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Many Filipino systems focus on defending against and/or reacting to <i>angles of attack</i> rather than particular strikes. The theory behind this is that virtually all types of hand-to-hand attacks (barehanded or with a weapon) will hit or reach a combatant via these angles of attack and it is reasoned that it is more efficient to learn to defend against different angles of attack rather than learning to defend against particular styles, particular techniques or particular weapons. For instance, the technique for defending against an attack angle that comes overhead from the right is very similar whether the attacker uses barefists, a knife, a sword or a spear.</div>
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Older styles gave each angle a name, but more recent systems tend to simply number them. Many systems have twelve standard angles, though some have as few as 5, and others as many as 72. Although the exact angles, the order in which they are numbered (<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Numerado&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Numerado (page does not exist)">numerado</a>), and the manner in which they're executed vary from system to system, most are based upon Filipino cosmology. These standard angles are used to describe exercises; to aid memorization, a standard series of strikes from these angles called an<b>abecedario</b> (Spanish for "alphabet") is often practiced. These are beginner strikes or the "ABC's" of eskrima.</div>
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Some angles of attack and some strikes have characteristic names.</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>San Miguel</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forehand" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Forehand">forehand</a> strike with the right hand, moving from the striker's right shoulder toward their left hip. It is named after<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Michael" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Saint Michael">Saint Michael</a> or the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archangel" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Archangel">Archangel</a> Michael, who is often depicted holding a sword at this angle. This is the most natural strike for most untrained people. It is commonly referred to as "angle #1," in systems where striking angles are numbered for training purposes, because it is presumed to be the most probable angle of attack.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Sinawali</b> is the signature double-stick weaving movement associated with Arnis and Eskrima named after the woven coconut or palm leaves called <i>sawali</i> that comprise the walls of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipa_hut" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nipa hut">nipa hut</a> dwellings. It is commonly seen in double-stick continuous attack-parry partner demonstrations.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Another signature technique is the <b>Redonda</b> which is a continuous circular downward-striking double-stick twirling technique.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">A <b>redondo</b> (Spanish for "round") is a strike that whips in a circle to return to its point of origin. This is especially useful when using sticks rather than swords, such a strike allows extremely fast strikes but needs constant practice.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">An <b>abanico <i>(Spanish for</i> fan<i>) or</i> witik</b> is a strike that is executed by flicking the wrist 180 degrees in a fan-shaped motion. This kind of strike can be very quick and arrive from unexpected angles.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Pilantik</i> is a strike executed by whipping the stick around the wrist over the head in a motion similar to the abanico, but in alternating 360 degree strikes. It is most useful when fighters are in grappling range and cannot create enough space for normal strikes.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Hakbang</b> (Filipino for "step") is a general term for footwork. For example, <i>hakbang paiwas</i> is pivoting footwork, while <i>hakbang tatsulok</i> is triangle stepping.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Puño</b> (Spanish for "fist") is a strike delivered with the butt of the weapon. It usually targets a nerve point or other soft spot on the opponent but in skilled hands, the puño can be used to shatter bones.</li>
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It is to be noted that many of the Eskrima techniques have Spanish names because Spanish was the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> spoken during colonial times among the natives who spoke over 170 different languages in the archipelago's 7,100+ islands.</div>
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Eskrima techniques are generally based on the assumption that both the student and their opponent are very highly trained and well prepared. For this reason, eskrima tends to favor extreme caution, always considering the possibility of a failed technique or an unexpected knife. On the other hand, the practitioner is assumed to be able to strike very precisely and quickly. The general principle is that an opponent's ability to attack should be destroyed rather than trying to hurt them to convince them to stop. Thus many strikes are aimed at the hands and arms, hoping to break the hand holding the weapon or cut the nerves or tendons controlling it (the concept of<i>defanging the snake</i>), but strikes to the eyes and legs are important. A popular mnemonic states that "stick seeks bone, blade seeks flesh".</div>
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<i>Mano Mano</i> is the empty-hand component of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a>, particularly eskrima. The term translates as "hands" or "hand to hand" and comes from the Spanish word <i>mano</i> (hand). It is known as <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panantukan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Panantukan">suntukan</a></i> or <i>panununtukan</i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> and <i>pangamot</i> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Visayas">Visayas</a>. American colonists referred to it as "combat judo".</div>
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Mano mano includes kicking, punching, locking, throwing and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumog" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dumog">dumog</a> (grappling). Filipino martial artists regard the empty hands as another weapon and all the movements of mano mano are directly based on weapon techniques. In eskrima, weapons are seen as an extension of the body so training with weapons naturally leads to proficiency in bare-handed combat. For this reason, mano mano is generally taught in the higher levels of eskrima because advanced students are expected to be able to apply their experience with weapons to unarmed fighting.</div>
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<i>Pananadiyak</i>, <i>Pagtadiyak</i>, <i>Pananjakman</i>, <i>Sikaran</i>, <i>Pagsipa</i> or <i>Paninipa</i> (all terms for "kicking" in various regions, dialects and styles) are components of eskrima which focuses on low-line kicks. Some claim that the particular system of Pananjakman is an art in and of itself but this separation was probably made for the purpose of marketing the art as a new system. Except for the distinct style of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikaran">Sikaran</a> from the Baras area of the province of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rizal">Rizal</a>, Pananjakman is never taught by itself in the Philippines, and this practice is only done in the West.</div>
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Pananadiyak can be regarded as the study of leg muscles and bones and how they are connected, with the goal of either inflicting pain or outright breaking or dislocating the bones. Most striking techniques involve applying pressure to bend the target areas in unnatural ways so as to injure or break them. Such pressure may be delivered in the form of a heel smash, a toe kick, a stomp, or a knee. Targets include the groin, thighs, knees, shins, ankles, feet and toes. The upper body is used only for defensive maneuvers, making pananadiyak ideal for when combatants are engaged in a clinch. When used effectively, the strikes can bring an opponent to the ground or otherwise end an altercation by making them too weak to stand.</div>
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Fundamental techniques include kicking or smashing the ankle to force it either towards or away from the opposite foot (severe supination or pronation, respectively), heel-stomping the top of the foot where it meets the lower leg so as to break or crush the numerous bones or otherwise disrupt the opponent's balance, and smashing the opponents knee from the side to break the knee (with severe supination and pronation as the desired result).</div>
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Several classes of exercises, such as <i>sombrada</i>, <i>contrada</i>, <i>sinawali</i>, <i>hubud-lubud</i> and <i>sequidas</i>, initially presented to the public as a set of organized drills by the Inosanto school, are expressly designed to allow partners to move quickly and experiment with variations while remaining safe. For example, in a <i>sombrada</i> drill taken from the Villabrille style, one partner feeds an attack, which the other counters, flowing into a counterattack, which is then countered, flowing into a counterattack, and so on. The <i>hubud-lubud</i> or <i>hubad-lubad</i> from Doce Pares is frequently used as a type of "generator" drill, where one is forced to act and think fast. Initially, students learn a specific series of attacks, counters, and counter-attacks. As they advance they can add minor variations, change the footwork, or switch to completely different attacks; eventually the exercise becomes almost completely free-form. Palakaw, from the Balintawak style, are un-choreographed and random defensive and offensive moves. Palakaw in Cebuano means a walk-through or rehearsing the different strike angles and defenses. It may be known as <i>corridas</i> or striking without any order or pattern. Disarms, take-downs, and other techniques usually break the flow of such a drill, but they are usually initiated from such a sequence of movements in order to force the student to adapt to a variety of situations. A common practice is to begin a drill with each student armed with two weapons; once the drill is flowing, if a student sees an opportunity to disarm their opponent, they will, but the drill will continue until both students are empty-handed. Some drills use only a single weapon per pair, and the partners take turns disarming each other. <i>Seguidas</i> drills, taken from the San Miguel system, are sets of hitting and movement patterns usually involving stick and dagger.</div>
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Rhythm, while an essential part of eskrima drills, is given more emphasis in the United States and Europe where a regular beat serves a guide for students to follow. To ensure the safety of the participants, most drills are done at a constant pace which is increased as the students progress. The rhythm, together with the southern Filipino attire of a vest and sashed pants, is commonly mistaken to be some sort of tradition when practicing eskrima in the Philippines – perhaps incorrectly derived from traditional rhythm-based dances or an attempt to add a sense of ethnicity. Eskrima is usually practiced in the Philippines without a rhythm, off-beat or out of rhythm. The diversity of Filipino martial arts means that there is no officially established standard uniform in eskrima.</div>
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The <i>live hand</i> is the opposite hand of the practitioner that does not contain the main weapon. The heavy usage of the <i>live hand</i> is an important concept and distinguishing hallmark of Eskrima. Even (or especially) when empty, the <i>live hand</i> can be used as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_weapon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Companion weapon">companion weapon</a> by Eskrima practitioners. As opposed to most weapon systems like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fencing">fencing</a> where the off-hand is hidden and not used to prevent it from being hit, Eskrima actively uses the <i>live hand</i> for trapping, locking, supporting weapon blocks, checking, disarming, striking and controlling the opponent.</div>
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The usage of the <i>live hand</i> is one of the most evident examples of how Eskrima's method of starting with weapons training leads to effective empty hand techniques. Because of <i>Doble Baston</i> (double weapons) or <i>Espada y Daga</i> (sword and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrying_dagger" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Parrying dagger">parrying dagger</a>) ambidextrous weapon muscle memory conditioning, Eskrima practitioners find it easy to use the off-hand actively once they transition from using it with a weapon to an empty hand.</div>
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<i>Doble baston</i>, and less frequently <i>doble olisi</i>, are common names for a group of techniques involving two sticks. The art is more commonly known around the world as <i>Sinawali</i> meaning "to weave". The term <i>Sinawali</i> is taken from a matting called <i>sawali</i> that is commonly used in the tribal Nipa Huts which is made up of woven pieces of palm leaf and used for both flooring and walls.</div>
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This technique requires the user to use both left and right weapons in an equal manner; many co-ordination drills are used to help the practitioner become more ambidextrous. It is the section of the art that is taught mainly at the intermediate levels and above and is considered one of the most important areas of learning in the art.</div>
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<i>Sinawali</i> refers to the activity of "weaving", as applied Eskrima with reference to a set of two-person, two-weapon exercises.</div>
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<i>Sinawali</i> exercises provide eskrima practitioners with basic skills and motions relevant to a mode of two-weapon blocking and response method called <i>Doblete</i>. <i>Sinawali</i> training is often introduced to novices in order to develop certain fundamental skills including: body positioning and distance relative to an opponent, rotation of the body and the proper turning radius, recognition of one’s center of gravity, eye–hand coordination, target perception and recognition, increased ambidexterity, recognition and performance of rhythmic structures for upper body movement, and muscular developments important to the art, especially, the wrist and forearm regions. It helps teach the novice eskrimador proper elbow positioning while swinging a weapon.</div>
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The Chinese and Malay communities of the Philippines have practiced eskrima together with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntao" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuntao">kuntaw</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silat">silat</a> for centuries, so much so that many North Americans mistakenly believe silat to have originated in the Philippines.</div>
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Some of the modern styles, particularly <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doce_pares&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Doce pares (page does not exist)">doce pares</a> and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modern_arnis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Modern arnis (page does not exist)">modern arnis</a> contain elements of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial arts</a> such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">judo</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karate">karate</a> as some of the founders were blackbelters in these systems. Eskrima is complementary with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Aikido">aikido</a> because of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_and_soft_(martial_arts)#Soft_technique" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hard and soft (martial arts)">rounded nature</a> of the conditioning and body mechanics when twirling or swinging sticks.</div>
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In Western countries, it is common for eskrima to be practiced in conjunction with other martial arts, particularly <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_chun" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wing chun">wing chun</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeet_kune_do" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jeet kune do">jeet kune do</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silat">silat</a>. As a result, there is some confusion between styles, systems and lineage because some people cross-train without giving due credit to the founders or principles of their arts. For example, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenpo#American_Kenp.C5.8D" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kenpo">American Kenpo</a> cross-training traces back to the interactions between Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants in territorial/pre-statehood Hawaii, and to a lesser extent in other parts of the United States. Another one is the cross-training between eskrima and Jeet Kune Do Concepts as headed by Dan Inosanto, going according to the maxim "Absorb what is useful, reject what is useless"</div>
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Proponents of such training say the arts are very similar in many aspects and complement each other well. It has become marketable to offer eskrima classes in other traditional Asian martial arts studios in America but some practitioners of other eskrima styles often dismiss these lessons as debased versions of original training methods.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Practiced_in_the_Philippines">Practiced in the Philippines</span></h3>
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<b>(arranged by family/lineage)</b></div>
<ul style="list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doce_Pares_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Doce Pares Eskrima">Doce Pares Eskrima</a> – Originally encompassed 12 styles and was founded by the Saavedra and Cañete families in 1932. There are now several Doce Pares groups headed by various members of the Cañete family.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrido" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrido">Eskrido</a> – Founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciriaco_Ca%C3%B1ete" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ciriaco Cañete">Ciriaco "Cacoy" Cañete</a>, the last living founder and the highest ranking master of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doce_Pares_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Doce Pares Eskrima">Doce Pares Eskrima</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="San Miguel Eskrima">San Miguel Eskrima</a> – As one of the founders (together with the famous Doring and Ensong Saavedra) of the Labangon Fencing Club in 1920 and later the Doce Pares Club in 1932, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filemon_%22Momoy%22_Ca%C3%B1ete" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filemon "Momoy" Cañete">Filemon "Momoy" Cañete</a> created the blade based San Miguel Eskrima as his personal expression of the Doce Pares art and methodology.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balintawak_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balintawak Eskrima">Balintawak Eskrima</a> – Founded in 1952 by Venancio "Anciong" Bacon after internal dispute amongst some of the original founders of the original Doce Pares club.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villasin_Balintawak&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Villasin Balintawak (page does not exist)">Villasin Balintawak</a> – founded by Atty. Jose Villasin, one of Bacon's senior students</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Balintawak&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="International Balintawak (page does not exist)">International Balintawak</a> – founded by Bobby Taboada, one of Bacon's senior students</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liborio_Heyrosa_Eskrima_De_Cuerdas&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Liborio Heyrosa Eskrima De Cuerdas (page does not exist)">Liborio Heyrosa Eskrima De Cuerdas</a> – founded by Liborio "Tiboring" Heyrosa, student of Anciong Bacon and "Ingko Nene" Rosales.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel_Stick_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Nickel Stick Eskrima (page does not exist)">Nickel Stick Eskrima</a> – founded by Nick Elizar, student of Anciong Bacon and the other senior Balintawak pioneers.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabimina_Balintawak&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Tabimina Balintawak (page does not exist)">Tabimina Balintawak</a> – founded by Bob Silver Tabimina, one of <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anciong_Bacon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Anciong Bacon (page does not exist)">Anciong Bacon</a>'s last major students and inheritor of Bacon's style that was modified by his stay in prison before his death.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Eagle_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Black Eagle Eskrima (page does not exist)">Black Eagle Eskrima</a> – founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a> guerilla fighter Carlos Navarro based on the Eskrima de Llave of his grandfather, the Eskrima de Avinico of his father and other Cebuano systems.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tres_Personas_Eskrima_de_Combate_Super_Kuwentada_System&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Tres Personas Eskrima de Combate Super Kuwentada System (page does not exist)">Tres Personas Eskrima de Combate Super Kuwentada System</a> – Founded by Maj Timoteo "Timor" Maranga Sr., a fearless <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a> guerilla fighter and member of the legendary Bolo Battalion. The system which is currently known as Eskrima Maranga System is characterized by its lightning speed strikes and disarming. <i>Combate Eskrima Maranga (CEM)</i> continues to advance with the founder's son Rodrigo Maranga.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Modern Arnis">Modern Arnis</a> – Founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remy_Presas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Remy Presas">Remy Presas</a> which has its roots in the Presas family and Balintawak system. It is revolutionary for having pioneered a system that made teaching of Arnis easier for students as old-school systems were often very painful for the student, thus making it hard to attract students and keep the arts alive.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombatan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kombatan">Kombatan</a> – founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Presas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ernesto Presas">Ernesto Presas</a>, brother of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remy_Presas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Remy Presas">Remy Presas</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinigaran_Arnis_de_Mano&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Hinigaran Arnis de Mano (page does not exist)">Hinigaran Arnis de Mano</a> – founded by Remy and Ernie Presas's youngest brother, Roberto Presas.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnis_Cruzada&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnis Cruzada (page does not exist)">Arnis Cruzada</a> – Founded by Jeremias de la Cruz based on his family system from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> and Modern Arnis. De la Cruz is the highest ranking Grand Master in the Modern Arnis system alive today.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FMA_Digest_27-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-FMA_Digest-27" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[28]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagooc_Style&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Dagooc Style (page does not exist)">Dagooc Style</a> – founded by Rodel Dagooc, and based on Modern Arnis. Dagooc is the highest ranking Grand Master along with De la Cruz in the Modern Arnis system today.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FMA_Digest_27-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-FMA_Digest-27" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[28]</a></sup> Dagooc crafts his own sticks and they are highly sought after by practitioners.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otsotiros_Baston_Arnis_System&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Otsotiros Baston Arnis System (page does not exist)">Otsotiros Baston Arnis System</a> – founded by Pepito Robas, one of Remy Presas's senior-most associates</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abaniko_Tres_Puntas&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Abaniko Tres Puntas (page does not exist)">Abaniko Tres Puntas</a> – developed by Mateo D. Estolloso from Antique in the 1930s, inherited by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Tongson" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rene Tongson">Rene Tongson</a>, one of the senior-most Modern Arnis practitioners.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amara_Arkanis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Amara Arkanis (page does not exist)">Amara Arkanis</a> – Founded by Punong Mataw Guro Louelle Lledo.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lightning_Scientific_Arnis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Lightning Scientific Arnis (page does not exist)">Lightning Scientific Arnis</a> (LSAI) – <i>Tercia Cerrada Cadenilla y Espada y Daga</i> style founded by <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Luna_Lema&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Benjamin Luna Lema (page does not exist)">Benjamin Luna Lema</a> in 1937.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eskrima_Labaniego&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrima Labaniego (page does not exist)">Eskrima Labaniego</a> – founded by Bert Labaniego who was one of Ben Lema's senior associates.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cinco_Teros&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Cinco Teros (page does not exist)">Cinco Teros</a> – founded by Vicente Sanchez from his hometown of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>. Sanchez is the 3rd highest ranking Grand Master in Modern Arnis system alive today.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FMA_Digest_27-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-FMA_Digest-27" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[28]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kali_Arnis_International&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali Arnis International (page does not exist)">Kali Arnis International</a> – founded by Vicente Sanchez, combined with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Modern Arnis">Modern Arnis</a> and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lightning_Scientific_Arnis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Lightning Scientific Arnis (page does not exist)">Lightning Scientific Arnis</a> styles.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekiti_Tirsia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pekiti Tirsia">Pekiti Tirsia Kali</a> – Founded by Conrado Tortal and carried on by Leo Tortal Gaje, inheritor of the family system of the Tortal clan. The name means "to cut into pieces at close range", although it includes techniques for all ranges. One of the most recognized blade-oriented systems. It is the system used by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps_Force_Recon_Battalion" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippine Marine Corps Force Recon Battalion">Philippine Marine Corps Force Recon Battalion</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dekiti_Tirsia_Siradas&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Dekiti Tirsia Siradas (page does not exist)">Dekiti Tirsia Siradas</a> – by Jerson "Nene" Tortal Sr, of the Tortal clan and related to Pekiti Tirsia.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kali_De_Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali De Leon (page does not exist)">Kali De Leon</a> – founded by Jun de Leon from his grandfather's style and many grandmasters in the Philippines.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Ilustrisimo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali Ilustrisimo">Kali Ilustrisimo</a> – Founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Ilustrisimo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonio Ilustrisimo">Antonio "Tatang" Ilustrisimo</a>; important as the ancestor of many current Eskrima systems.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakbakan_International" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bakbakan International">Bakbakan International</a> – Founded by Antonio Diego, Rey Galang, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Ricketts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Christopher Ricketts">Christopher Ricketts</a>, senior students of Tatang Ilustrisimo.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahad_Zu%27Bu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahad Zu'Bu (page does not exist)">Bahad Zu'Bu</a> – Founded by Epifanio "Yuli" Romo, influenced by his own family style and Kali Ilustrisimo. He is Tatang Ilustrisimo's second senior-most student.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haud_Ka%27Bu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Haud Ka'Bu (page does not exist)">Haud Ka'Bu</a> – Founded by Romulo "Muloy" Romo, mostly influenced by the styles of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Ilustrisimo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali Ilustrisimo">Kali Ilustrisimo</a> founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Ilustrisimo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonio Ilustrisimo">Antonio "Tatang" Ilustrisimo</a> and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahad_Zu%27Bu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahad Zu'Bu (page does not exist)">Bahad Zu'Bu</a> founded by his brother, Epifanio "Yuli" Romo.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayoc_Kali_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Sayoc Kali Philippines (page does not exist)">Sayoc Kali Philippines</a> – After years of extensive propagation of the Filipino Martial Arts in the US, Grandmaster Baltazar "Bo" Sayoc returned to the Philippines to promote the art in his native homeland.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Campo_Uno-Dos-Tres_Orihinal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="De Campo Uno-Dos-Tres Orihinal">De Campo Uno-Dos-Tres Orihinal</a> (De Campo 1-2-3) – founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Caballero" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jose Caballero">Jose Caballero</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lameco_Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lameco Eskrima">Lameco Eskrima</a> – Founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Sulite" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edgar Sulite">Edgar Sulite</a>. The name comes from the three ranges of the system, <i>Largo</i> (Spanish for "long"),<i>Medio</i> ("medium"), and <i>Corto</i> ("short"). It is a composite of many systems with heavy influence from <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Campo_1-2-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="De Campo 1-2-3">De Campo 1-2-3</a> and Kali Illustrisimo.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dizon style Eskrima – practiced by Felicisimo Dizon Sr. and carried on by his son Felicisimo Dizon Jr.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doblete_Rapelon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Doblete Rapelon (page does not exist)">Doblete Rapelon</a> – founded by Grandmaster Jose Mena.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabales_Serrada_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Cabales Serrada Eskrima (page does not exist)">Cabales Serrada Eskrima</a> – founded by <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_Cabales&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Angel Cabales (page does not exist)">Angel Cabales</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapunti_Arnis_de_Abanico&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Lapunti Arnis de Abanico (page does not exist)">Lapunti Arnis de Abanico</a> – founded by the Caburnay family.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-28" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[29]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lao_Lan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Lao Lan (page does not exist)">Lao Lan</a> – Founded by Grandmaster Charlie Villanueva.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnis_De_Cadena&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnis De Cadena (page does not exist)">Arnis De Cadena</a> – founded by Johnny Chiuten (Chinese-Filipino lineage) which brought many infusions from his original background as an expert Chinese martial artist.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapado&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Tapado (page does not exist)">Tapado</a> – a style created by Romeo "Nono" Mamar that differs from other Eskrima styles in that in concentrates on long sticks (45ndash;47 inches).</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arkado_Arnis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arkado Arnis (page does not exist)">Arkado Arnis</a> – founded by Vhir Tubera.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paclibar_Bicol_Arnis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Paclibar Bicol Arnis (page does not exist)">Paclibar Bicol Arnis</a> <i>(Sais Tiradas System)</i> – founded by Jaime Paclibar.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Picate_Style_Espada_y_Daga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Picate Style Espada y Daga (page does not exist)">Picate Style Espada y Daga</a> – Founded by Grandmaster Florendo Picate.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirarada_Eskrima_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Mirarada Eskrima Academy (page does not exist)">Mirarada Eskrima Academy</a> – founded by Grand Master Art Miraflor started since 1968 in Stockton, California.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moro-moro_Orabes_Heneral&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Moro-moro Orabes Heneral (page does not exist)">Moro-moro Orabes Heneral</a> – founded by Master Alejandro "Andy" Abrian.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapido_Realismo_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Rapido Realismo Kali (page does not exist)">Rapido Realismo Kali</a> – Founded by Henry Espera from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Ilustrisimo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali Ilustrisimo">Kali Ilustrisimo</a>, Abrian's Orabes Heneral Eskrima and Automatic Arnis.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garimot_Arnis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Garimot Arnis">Garimot Arnis</a> – Led by Gat Puno Abon "Garimot" Baet.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siete_Pares_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Siete Pares Eskrima (page does not exist)">Siete Pares Eskrima</a> – Founded by Sozing Labor and Bert Labitan.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koridas_%E2%80%93_Mixed_Martial_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Koridas – Mixed Martial Arts (page does not exist)">Koridas – Mixed Martial Arts</a> – founded by Pedro "Toldong" Hernando.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnis_Baculud&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnis Baculud (page does not exist)">Arnis Baculud</a> – founded by the Samia Family of Bacolor, Pampanga. This style put emphasis on accuracy of strikes, effectiveness of arnis techniques in actual combat and mastery of the art in a short period of time. Arnis Baculud is now headed by Dr. Elizar C. Samia PhD.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WEDO_Combat_Arnis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="WEDO Combat Arnis (page does not exist)">WEDO Combat Arnis</a> – Founded by Grandmaster Jesus Pallorina.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<ul style="list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inosanto_Kali" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Inosanto Kali">Lacoste-Inosanto Kali</a> – developed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Inosanto" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dan Inosanto">Dan Inosanto</a> from various other styles; he does not call it a system in its own right, but rather a blend of systems from John Lacoste and many grandmasters listed here.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villabrille-Largusa_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Villabrille-Largusa Kali (page does not exist)">Villabrille-Largusa Kali</a> – founded by Floro Villarbille and Ben Largusa.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahala_Na_Giron_Arnis_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahala Na Giron Arnis Eskrima (page does not exist)">Bahala Na Giron Arnis Eskrima</a> – founded by Leo M. Giron, the Bahala Na System (Bahala na means come what may) is currently lead by Grand Master Tony Somera in Stockton, California.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inayan_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Inayan Eskrima (page does not exist)">Inayan Eskrima</a> – Developed by Suro <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Inay" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mike Inay">Mike Inay</a> from various other styles.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudlud_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Sudlud Eskrima (page does not exist)">Sudlud Eskrima</a> – A popular system of Eskrima founded by Ray Terry.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kali_Sikaran&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali Sikaran (page does not exist)">Kali Sikaran</a> – Founded by Jeff Espinous and Johan Skålberg, two of the leading FMA representatives in Europe. It's a fast growing blend of systems with clubs in numerous countries.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kali_Majapahit&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali Majapahit (page does not exist)">Kali Majapahit</a> – Founded by Guro Fred Evrard, the Kali Majapahit system has its roots in Kali Sikaran, Inayan Eskrima, Pencak Silat and Hakka Kuntao.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florendo_Visitacion&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Florendo Visitacion (page does not exist)">Vee Arnis Jitsu</a> – founded by <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florendo_Visitacion&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Florendo Visitacion (page does not exist)">Florendo "Professor Vee" Visitacion</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnis_De_Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnis De Leon (page does not exist)">Arnis De Leon</a> – founded by Anding De Leon, based on Modern Arnis.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_Spirit_International&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Natural Spirit International (page does not exist)">Natural Spirit International</a> – founded by <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Worden&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelly Worden (page does not exist)">Kelly Worden</a>, based on Modern Arnis.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapid_Arnis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Rapid Arnis (page does not exist)">Rapid Arnis</a> – Founded in 1993 by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_O%27Malley" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pat O'Malley">Pat O'Malley</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harvey" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="John Harvey">John Harvey</a> who are recognised as two of Europe's leading authorities on the Filipino martial arts. A fast, aggressive system which is a combination of other styles.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latigo_y_Daga" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Latigo y Daga">Latigo y Daga</a> – <i>Whip and dagger</i> method founded by Tom Meadows.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dog_Brothers&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Dog Brothers (page does not exist)">Dog Brothers</a> – a group notorious for their <i>Gatherings</i> which feature full-contact stick fighting and minimal protection.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latosa_Eskrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Latosa Eskrima (page does not exist)">Latosa Eskrima</a> – founded by GM <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rene_Latosa&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Rene Latosa (page does not exist)">Rene Latosa</a>, and taught alongside <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_Tsun" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wing Tsun">Wing Tsun</a> in the IWTO schools and their offshoots worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima#cite_note-29" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayoc_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Sayoc Kali (page does not exist)">Sayoc Kali</a> – founded by Grandmaster Baltazar "Bo" Sayoc, the system promotes the "all blade, all the time" methodology of Filipino Martial Arts. The family system is now led by Pamana Tuhon Christopher Sayoc.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senkotiros&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Senkotiros (page does not exist)">Senkotiros</a> – Founded by Grandmaster Max M. Pallen and learned the basic techniques of the style from his grandfather. Senkotiros originated in the Bicol Region from the island of Luzon in the Philippines.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnis_TAPADO&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnis TAPADO (page does not exist)">Arnis TAPADO</a> – The system is leaded by Supreme GM Ruben Tansingco who learned from the late GM Julio Quirino. Founded in the Visayan province during the Japanese Invasion, GM Julio Quirino and his family members used this system to protect their village. Arnis TAPADO-PHILTAMA is distinct from the other systems because of its simple method of fighting, for its 14 strike patterns and its power striking.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pananandata-Marinas&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Pananandata-Marinas (page does not exist)">Pananandata-Marinas</a> Founded by Punong Guro Amante P. Marinas PhD, based on his family style taught to him by his uncles and grandfather.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Combat_Escrima&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Tactical Combat Escrima (page does not exist)">Tactical Combat Escrima</a> – TCE was founded by Master <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Schmidt" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Schmidt">Walter Schmidt</a> in 1992 as a solution oriented approach to transform classical Filipino fighting arts into a modern self-defense system. It is taught alongside TAC (Tactical Combat Weapons), as an integrated part of Tactical Combat Systems.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnis_Baraw_System&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnis Baraw System (page does not exist)">Arnis Baraw System</a> –founded by Rafael Moreno, this style is an eclectic system created under the experience of Rafael Moreno in the Sayoc system, Kuntao, pentjak silat (by the hands of master Williem de Thouars), with a strong influence of the Russian Voin System of master Sergey Tyschenko,and elements of the Praying Mantis kung fu and Tai chi.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuntaw_Kali_Kruzada&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuntaw Kali Kruzada (page does not exist)">Kuntaw Kali Kruzada</a> - Founded by Maestro Alfredo Rico Acosta to help propagate the styles of the Grandmasters that he studied under in the Philippines.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Element_of_Surprise_FMA&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Element of Surprise FMA (page does not exist)">Element of Surprise FMA</a> - Founded by Guro Pacman A. Vasquez as a result of training under Grandmaster Ali Rawlings of the BlacktigerXFMA.</li>
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<br />Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-3381082991822485462012-10-07T02:43:00.000-07:002012-10-08T01:19:15.530-07:00From wikipedia<br />
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<b>Filipino Martial Arts</b> refers to ancient and newer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Martial arts">fighting methods</a> devised in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the most popular of which are known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrima">Arnis/Eskrima/Kali</a>. The intrinsic need for self-preservation was the genesis of these systems. Throughout the ages, invaders and evolving local conflict imposed new dynamics for combat in the islands now making up the Philippines. The Filipino people developed battle skills as a direct result of an appreciation of their ever-changing circumstances. They learned often out of necessity how to prioritize, allocate and utilize common resources in combative situations. Filipinos have been heavily influenced by a phenomenon of cultural and linguistic mixture. Some of the specific mechanisms responsible for cultural and martial change extended from phenomena such as war, political and social systems, technology, trade and of course, simple practicality.</div>
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Filipino martial arts have seen an increase in prominence due to several Hollywood movies and the teachings of modern masters such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venancio_%22Anciong%22_Bacon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Venancio "Anciong" Bacon">Venancio "Anciong" Bacon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Inosanto" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dan Inosanto">Dan Inosanto</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacoy_Canete" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cacoy Canete">Cacoy Canete</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Inay" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mike Inay">Mike Inay</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remy_Presas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Remy Presas">Remy Presas</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Presas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ernesto Presas">Ernesto Presas</a>.</div>
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Today there are said to be almost as many Filipino fighting styles as there are islands in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. In 1972, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Politics of the Philippines">Philippine government</a> included Filipino martial arts into the national sports arena. The Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports also incorporated them into the physical education curriculum for high school and college students. Knowledge of the Filipino fighting skills is mandatory in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Philippine military</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippine National Police">police</a>.</div>
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Filipino Martial Arts are considered the most advanced practical modern blade system in the world and are now a core component of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combatives" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Combatives">U.S. Army's Modern Army Combatives</a> program<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts#cite_note-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and used by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spetsnaz" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Spetsnaz">Russian Spetsnaz (special forces)</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts#cite_note-1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[</a></sup></div>
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The three umbrella terms for the most commonly seen forms are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrima">Eskrima</a>, Arnis and Kali.</div>
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The word <i>Eskrima</i> derives from the Spanish term <i>esgrima</i> which means skirmish or fencing.</div>
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<i>Arnis</i> comes from <i>arnes</i>, old Spanish for <i>harness</i> or <i>armor</i> (<i>harness</i> is also an archaic English term for <i>armor</i> with the same roots), which is what the costumes worn during <i>Moro-moro</i> (MorosSIS y Cristianos) stage plays were called when practitioners disguised their art as merely stage fight choreography for public entertainment under the Spaniards' noses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></div>
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The origins of the word <i>kali</i> are uncertain. One theory is that it may come from the Indonesian word <i>tjakalele</i>.,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> another is that it's a contraction of <i>Kamot Lihok</i> (Cebuano for hand-body movement) The multitude of languages spoken in the 7,107 islands have not only diverged into over 170 dialects, but they have been constantly mixing with one another and as a result, Filipino martial arts comprise a vocabulary of heterogeneous terms.</div>
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<i>Eskrima</i>, <i>Arnis</i> and <i>Kali</i> are used interchangeably for weapon-based martial arts, particularly those that focus on bladed weapons or stick-fighting. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panantukan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Panantukan">Panantukan</a>, pangamut and pamuok all refer to empty-handed striking methods, while pantadyakan and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananjakman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pananjakman">pananjakman</a> are kick-based. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumog" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dumog">Dumog</a> or wrestling is considered one of the oldest unarmed Filipino fighting styles.</div>
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Aside from the more commonly seen blade and stick-oriented arts Eskrima/Arnis/Kali, there are also distinctly separate arts such as<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntao" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuntao">Kuntao</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silat">Silat</a> (practiced in the South, next to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikaran">Sikaran</a> (practiced in Rizal province, which is primarily kick-based) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaw-Yan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Yaw-Yan">Yaw-Yan</a>, a recent style very similar to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muay_Thai" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a>.</div>
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Filipino martial artists are noted for their ability to fight with weapons or empty hands interchangeably and their ability turn ordinary household items into lethal weapons. Weapons-training takes precedence because they give an edge in real fights, gears students to psychologically face armed opponents, and any object that can be picked up can be used as a weapon using FMA techniques. Empty hands training is then taught as the stick is merely an extension of the hand.</div>
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Another thing to note is that the Philippines is a <i>blade culture</i>. The Southern Philippines with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Moro people">Moros</a> were never really conquered by the Spaniards and the Americans; nor the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Northern mountains</a> of Luzon with their feared <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igorot" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Igorot">headhunter tribes</a> so they kept their weapons and their fighting skills. For the more "civilized" provinces and the towns where citizens had been "disarmed", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo_knife" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bolo knife">bolos</a> (a cutting tool similar to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machete" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Machete">machete</a>) and other knife variants are still commonly used for general work (farming in the provinces, chopping wood, coconuts, controlling <i>talahib</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sword_grass" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sword grass">sword grass</a>), which could grow higher than roofs if not cut, etc.) and of course, the occasional bloody fight. Production of these weapons still survives and there are a few who still make some. In the province of Aklan, Talibongs are still being made in the remote areas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts#cite_note-6" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup> Until the 80s, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balisong_(knife)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Balisong (knife)">balisong</a> knives were still commonly used in the streets of Manila as general purpose pocket knives much like Swiss army knives or box cutters until new laws on allowable kinds of knives made it illegal to carry them in public without a permit or proof that it was a vital to one's livelihood (e.g. Martial arts instructor, vendor). They're still openly sold in their birthplace of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batangas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Batangas">Batangas</a>, in the streets of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a>, souvenir shops and martial arts stores, wielded by practitioners and of course, street gangs. Thus, even when fighting systems were outlawed by the Spaniards, Filipinos still maintained their centuries-old relationships with blades and blade fighting techniques that survive from ancient times and are still much alive as they have been adapted and evolved to stay relevant and practical in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Colonialism">colonial</a> and modern times.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-absolutedefense.net_7-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts#cite_note-absolutedefense.net-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup></div>
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What separates Filipino Martial Arts from other weapon-based martial arts like Japanese <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kendo">Kendo</a> & <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenjutsu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kenjutsu">Kenjutsu</a>, European <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fencing">Fencing</a> and traditional Chinese Martial arts that teach the usage of classical Chinese weapons is that FMA teaches weapon use that is practical today: how to use and deal with weapons that one can actually encounter in the streets and how to turn ordinary items into improvised weapons. No one walks around with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Saber">sabers</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katana" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Katana">katanas</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jian" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jian">jians</a> anymore, but knives, machetes and clubs are still among commonly encountered weapons on the street and in the field, thus making FMA very practical and geared towards military and street fighting.</div>
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Traditional weaponry varies in design, size, weight, materials and usage but because of the similarity of techniques and that the human being can move in only so many ways, any object that can be picked up can be turned into a weapon by a Filipino martial artist as a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_multiplier" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Force multiplier">force multiplie</a>r.</div>
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<br />Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-11176567376509955762012-10-07T01:40:00.000-07:002012-10-08T01:19:58.903-07:00From Wikipedia<br />
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<b>Panantukan</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Boxing">boxing</a> component of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a>, and is known in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Visayas">Visayas</a> as <b>pangamot</b>. It consists of upper-body<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_(attack)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Strike (attack)">striking</a> techniques such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch_(combat)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Punch (combat)">punches</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow_(strike)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Elbow (strike)">elbows</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headbutts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Headbutts">headbutts</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_strike" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shoulder strike">shoulder strikes</a>. It also includes low-line <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kick" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kick">kicks</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_(strike)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Knee (strike)">knee strikes</a> to the legs, shins, and groin, but some schools group this kicking aspect into the art of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananjakman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pananjakman">pananjakman</a>, which relies on kicking and only uses the arms defensively. Some Western instructors teach panantukan as a separate martial art, but in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> it is accepted as a part of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrima">eskrima</a>.</div>
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Panantukan is not a sport, but rather a street-oriented fighting system. The techniques have not been adapted for safety or conformance to a set of rules for competition, thus it has a reputation as "dirty street fighting".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material in the vicinity of this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. from December 2010">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> Common targets include the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080;" title="Biceps">biceps</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Triceps">triceps</a>, eyes, nose, jaws, temples, groin, ribs, spine, and the back of the neck.</div>
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Some <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_art" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial art">Filipino martial artists</a> contest that the term Panuntukan be used since it came from the root word <i>suntukan</i>.</div>
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Moves which immobilise the limbs are called <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunting" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunting">gunting</a> (scissors) techniques because of the scissor-like motions used to stop an opponent's limb from one side while attacking from the other side. Panantukan focuses on countering an opponent's strike with a technique that will nullify further attack by hitting certain nerve points, bones, and muscle tissue to cause immediate partial paralysis of the attacking limb. Common limb destructions include guiding incoming straight punches into the defending fighter's elbow to shatter the knuckles (<i>secoh</i>), or striking the incoming limb in the biceps to inhibit the opponent's ability to use that arm for the remainder of the fight. Gunting focuses on destroying the opponent's ability to wield their weapon. This term derives from the word "scissors" in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_language" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_language" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>. In martial arts, gunting can be done by cutting the hand or wrist with a pair of blades (hence the name), but it can also be done with a single blade or with the empty hand by striking <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nerve">nerves</a> and tensed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Muscle">muscles</a>.</div>
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Panantukan borrows moves from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumog" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dumog">dumog</a> (upright wrestling) which twist and turn the opponent's body with the goal of exposing a more vulnerable area, such as the neck, jaw and temples. This is accomplished by the use of arm wrenching, shoving, shoulder ramming, and other off-balancing techniques in conjunction with punches and kicks. For example, the attacker's arm could be grabbed and pulled downward to expose their head to a knee strike.</div>
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The angles outlined in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrima">kali</a> are incorporated to evade and parry incoming strikes and to attack the opponent from an outside angle where they are less able to defend themselves. Constantly switching the fighting lead allows for the exploitation of attack while maintaining flow. The fighter will often use a finishing strike or kick in a combination to step into the new lead. Footwork is of utmost importance for these techniques, so much time is invested into practicing stick-fighting drills and combinations.</div>
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Panantukan emphasizes speed in striking, with the intent of overwhelming the adversary with a flurry of attacks. Indefinite combinations of different strikes are strung together continuously to make successful defense a relative impossibility. Many strikes in panantukan are said to be performed on "half-beats", or in between the major strikes of a combination, so as to disorient and overwhelm an opponent, increasing the opportunity for more devastating attacks. An example of this could be performing a swift slap or eye strike after throwing a jab with the same hand in a standard jab-cross-hook combination; the eye strike both disrupts the defense against and masks the incoming cross. Additionally, low-line kicks are often executed between boxing combinations to further injure and disorient the opponent.</div>
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While panantukan is designed to allow an unarmed practitioner to engage in both armed and unarmed confrontations, it easily integrates the use of weapons such as daggers, wooden slivers, and palmsticks.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2010">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These weapons can render panantukan's techniques fatal but do not fundamentally change how the techniques are executed. Weapons in panantukan tend to be small, easily concealed and unobtrusive. Daggers like the claw-shaped <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karambit" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karambit">karambit</a> are often preferred. Many of panantukan's unarmed techniques and movements were derived from the weapon-based forms of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskrima" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eskrima">eskrima</a>. Panantukan minimises contact with the opponent, as it is not known whether or not they are armed. As such, parries and deflections are preferred over blocks.</div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-9146786779533651562012-10-07T01:35:00.002-07:002012-10-08T01:21:29.571-07:00From Wikipedia<br />
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<b>Dumog</b> is the Filipino style of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> while standing upright and refers to the grappling aspect of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a>. The word <i>dumog</i> is most commonly used in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Visayas">Visayas</a>, while the word <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buno" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Buno">buno</a></i> is used in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, specifically in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Tagalog" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Southern Tagalog">Southern Tagalog</a>-speaking provinces as far south as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindoro" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080;" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hari_0-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumog#cite_note-hari-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-garimot_1-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumog#cite_note-garimot-1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> Techniques encompass a variety of pushes, pulls, weight shifts and joint locks designed to "move" the opponent, often taking advantage of their weight and direction of force to throw them off balance.</div>
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It is also used colloquially as being mobbed (<i>dinudumog</i>).</div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-84508743639110531752012-10-07T01:30:00.000-07:002012-10-08T01:23:45.434-07:00<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">From Wikipedia</b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Sikaran is a distinct <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Martial_Art" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino Martial Art">Filipino Martial Art</a> is a art of hand and foot fighting..</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> As Sikaran is a general term for </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">kicking</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> which is also used as the name of the kicking aspects of other Filipino Martial arts, this article discusses the distinct art which is specifically practiced in the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Rizal">Rizal</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> province that focuses almost exclusively in kicking.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Sikaran comes from the root word </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">sikad</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> which means </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">kick</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> in </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_Language" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tagalog Language">Tagalog</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapampangan_language" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kapampangan language">Capampangan</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> (e.g. </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">sikaran daka</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> - "I'm going to kick you"), as well as </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuano_Language" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; text-decoration: none;" title="Cebuano Language">Cebuano</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> (e.g. "sikaran tika").</span><br />
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Sikaran is a simple but intense martial art game that originated from the town of Baras in the province of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rizal">Rizal</a>. According to the forefathers of Baras, it had been practiced long before the Spaniards came to the Philippines in the 16th century.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2010">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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It is noted that like most <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a>, Sikaran has no written history as most Filipinos from the lower classes during Spanish colonial times were barely literate (free public education was only introduced during the American era) and it was passed orally from generation to generation.</div>
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Like many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipino martial arts">Filipino martial arts</a> styles, it has been endangered as it does not have as many practitioners as the more mainstream martial arts. Like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Arnis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Modern Arnis">Modern Arnis</a>, in the mid-20th century, it had to adapt certain structural aspects of the more well known art of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karate">Karate</a>like the belting system, choreographed forms or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kata">Katas</a> and uniforms to make it more appealing other Filipinos and be more accepted internationally.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup></div>
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On the Third Asian Karate Championship in 1966, Sikaran was accepted as a distinct Filipino style of fighting, by the Asian Karate Association headed by Korea’s Dr. Kwai Byeung Yun, with the concurrence of Master Koichi Kondo of the All Japan Karate Federation, Master Hwang Kee of the Korean Tang Soo Doo and China’s Master Chua Tiong Ki. This once in a lifetime event was witnessed by Philippine Senator Ambrosio Padilla, Antonio delas Alas, president of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation, Colonel Jose Lukban, president of the Philippine Amateur Judo Association and several high-ranking military officers. Also in attendance were Cipriano Geronimo, last Hari of Sikaran and several Sikaran elders from Baras and surrounding towns. In recognition of this achievement, the Philippine Sportswriters Association vested on Meliton Geronimo the Sportsman of the Year Award.</div>
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Meliton Geronimo, who codified, organized and elevated Sikaran from an ancient system to a modern fighting art was awarded the title of Grandmaster of Sikaran with the rank of 10th Degree Red Belt. He was vested the Order of the Eagle (Agila), the highest award in the Asian Karate Association. Some people were insistent on calling the art Philippine Karate professing that it has been influenced too much by Karate. Some contend that it should be called Modern Sikaran to differentiate it with the Sikaran of old, because foreign but similar fighting arts have debauched its distinctive style. Meliton Geronimo, maintaining that this is neither a new nor a different art, but a natural evolutionary progression of the centuries-old art of Sikaran, resisted to use a qualifier and retained the name of the art the way it has always been since the 19th century. It may have seemed an insignificant matter to some, but to Meliton Geronimo, it looms large on the horizon of the future of SIKARAN. He strongly declared that the art of Sikaran that he is propagating is the same art his grandfather propagated in the 19th century. He emphatically stressed that nobody can improve on perfection of the centuries-old art of Sikaran. He emphasized that what he improved on is the “packaging” and “presentation” of Sikaran.</div>
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Working together, Meliton Geronimo, his younger brother Jaime Geronimo and Emmanuel del Espiritu Santo Querubin, with the encouragement and wisdom of Sikaran Haris Cipriano Geronimo, Melencio Bigasin and Manuel Ocampo and Arnis de Mano Grandmaster Daniel Rendal, formalized the syllabus of the techniques and curriculum of Sikaran. Likewise, terminologies were translated and other words were coined in line with this curriculum.</div>
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In 1969, Meliton Geronimo and Emmanuel del Espiritu Santo Querubin’s Terminologies of the Filipino Fighting Arts received the approval of the Institute of National Language and the Department of Education, bolstering the identity of Sikaran as an indigenous empty-hand fighting art of the Philippines.</div>
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In the same year, Meliton Geronimo and Emmanuel Querubin published two Sikaran Instructional Manuals.</div>
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From 1969 to 1972, Meliton Geronimo and his senior instructors, Jaime Geronimo, Emmanuel del Espiritu Santo Querubin, Angeles Sanchez, Rodrigo Espiritu, Ramon Valdenor and Serafin Pangilinan, were assigned to train Republic of the Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos and the Presidential Security Command in SIKARAN.</div>
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In 1970, the Asian Karate Association was disbanded to give way to the creation of the World Union of Karate-do Organizations (WUKO) the ruling body of Karate in the world. It was unfortunate that Master Koichi Kondo was no longer around to witness the culmination of his dream. Master Koichi Kondo died prematurely in 1969. The Karate Brotherhood of the Philippines became an original signatory member while Meliton Geronimo and Emmanuel del Espiritu Santo Querubin were designated lifetime founding signers of the WUKO charter.</div>
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Meliton Geronimo, has gained worldwide recognition as a martial arts leader and the Philippines, through the Karate (Sikaran) Brotherhood of the Philippines, has emerged as a powerhouse in the international Karate scene. This personal glory was bothersome for Meliton Geronimo. With the formation of WUKO, Sikaran was being identified too much as Karate instead of the distinct Filipino Fighting Art that it is. Apprehensive that Sikaran may lose its identity over the international acceptance of Philippine Karate, Meliton Geronimo, shortly thereafter relinquished his position in the World Union of Karate-do Organizations (WUKO).</div>
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Energized by the enthusiasm of the Sikaran elders, Meliton Geronimo devoted all his time and energy in the propagation of Sikaran. Sacrificing his personal stature as a pacesetter in the Karate world, he dropped all reference to Sikaran as Philippine Karate and propelled the Filipino Fighting Art to its rightful place in the international martial arts scene. Adopting the ancient rules of Sikaran competition, Meliton Geronimo set tournament protocol making Sikaran a modern and exciting competitive sport. Sikaran is now practiced in several countries in at least four continents and is universally recognized as the Filipino Fighting art that it is.</div>
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After retiring from the Philippine Air Force, with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, Meliton Geronimo was elected Mayor of the town of Baras in the province of Rizal. His first official action as Mayor was to acknowledge Baras as the birthplace of Sikaran. A similar resolution was also passed by the provincial government of the province of Rizal. Geronimo also erected a monument of two Sikaran fighters in a biyakid position, adjacent to the multi-purpose gymnasium that he also constructed to be home of Sikaran.</div>
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Sikaran and Meliton Geronimo are synonymous and nobody can rightfully claim to have learned the art unless they learned it from Meliton Geronimo or his disciples. Unfortunately, unsuspecting people are being bilked by self-proclaimed “masters” and even “grandmasters,” who after hearing about Sikaran, cleverly put together some hand and foot techniques and call their art Sikaran.</div>
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Meliton Geronimo, still actively oversees the affairs of the Kapatirang Sikaran Ng Pilipina (ruling body of Sikaran) and the Kapatirang Pandaigdig Ng Sikaran (World Brotherhood of Sikaran), composed of several affiliates from all over the world.</div>
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With Meliton Geronimo at the head, his two most senior and ardent followers stand by his side. Jaime Geronimo, his younger brother and second in command and a master in his own right, attends to the technical affairs of Sikaran as an international sport and is now the Chief Instructor of the Kapatirang Sikaran Ng Pilipinas. Emmanuel del Espiritu Santo Querubin, now based in the United States, continues to independently propagate Sikaran as a fighting art.</div>
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There is only one recognized Sikaran genealogy and that is the Geronimo lineage. There is only one Grandmaster of Sikaran accepted by the Sikaran elders and that is Meliton Geronimo. There is only one Filipino Grandmaster sanctioned and recognized by the Asian Karate Association to hold the rank of 10th Degree Red Belt in Sikaran and that is Meliton Geronimo.</div>
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On April 29, 2009, Senator Manuel "Lito" M. Lapid introduced Senate Bill Number 3193, also known as the "Sikaran Martial Arts Act of 2009." The act is to promote indigenous Filipino martial arts and to develop Filipino martial arts fighters into international champions. Among other items, the act also calls for the integration of Sikaran as a subject in the Physical Education curriculum natonwide. The act is pending approval at this time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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Sikaran has its own distinct kicking styles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-2" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup> The signature <i>Biakid</i> kick is executed by pivoting to the back in a complete turn, much like a spinning hook kick or a reverse round house in other martial arts styles and targets the side or back of the head while the practitioner is in mid to punching range.</div>
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The degree of effectiveness subscribes to two classifications: "panghilo" (paralyzing blow) and "pamatay" or lethal kick. Obviously the first aimed at less vital parts of the physique, while the target of the second includes the heart, neck, head, groin, and spine, all highly vulnerable parts.</div>
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<a class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwBgqJ2eRS8" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Footage</a> from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Man_Standing_(UK_TV_series)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Last Man Standing (UK TV series)">Last Man Standing</a> UK TV series episode on Sikaran (YouTube link, uploaded by the Sikaran group featured) shows how the style practiced in the province is done differently from <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tae_Kwon_Do" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tae Kwon Do">Tae Kwon Do</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karate">Karate</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup> There have been questions on the art of Sikaran as being native to the Philippines or being borrowed from Karate and Tae Kwon Do, but as can be seen in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Man_Standing_(UK_TV_series)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Last Man Standing (UK TV series)">Last Man Standing</a> footage, to the farmers watching the sport and cheering on the sidelines, it is simply an ordinary sight common to their particular village, much like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockfighting" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cockfighting">Sabong</a> (cockfighting) is in the rest of the Philippines.</div>
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It has been said that <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tae_Kwon_Do" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tae Kwon Do">Tae Kwon Do</a> "stole" the signature <i>Biakid</i> kick technique from Sikaran as a tournament technique after the Japanese and Koreans saw it used effectively by Sikaran players(Meliton Geronimo) during their debut in the inter-Asian Karate tournaments in the late-60's.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> This is supported by the fact that spinning heel or hook kicks were not used in competitions by Korean players prior to the 70's.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-6" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikaran#cite_note-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup></div>
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Sikaran utilizes only the feet as a rule for sport, and the hands are only used for blocking. The player uses his legs 90% of the time and his hands 10%, and only for blocking or parrying blows. Violation of this injunction, especially in tournaments, is ground for disqualification.</div>
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The entry of Sikaran in tournaments, particularly those of international caliber, presaged certain modifications, if innovations, of its original rules, like the setting of a time limit and widening of the fighting area into twice the size required of the original arena, and the wearing of armor for safety reasons as it is played full contact and bare-chested with no armor or groinguard in the original province. (Filipino martial artists from more modest means generally have no such access to these Western accessories)</div>
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<br />Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-80904119372492979372012-10-07T01:26:00.002-07:002012-10-08T01:27:31.327-07:00From casasai.org<br />
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Glossary for Eskrima Practitioners</h3>
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<b>Introduction</b></div>
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Eskrima became popular among martial arts enthusiasts. It attracts many martial artists all over the world maybe because of its practicality and effectiveness. But many Eskrima terms are ambiguous due to the fact that there many styles of Arnis established in different regions of the Philippine Islands using diverse languages or dialects that often times confuse students who are exposed to variety of Eskrima styles thus the techniques of Arnis and some movements are sometimes named differently in different regions of the Philippines.</div>
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Spanish language has greatly influenced the technical terms used in Filipino Martial Arts hence it is very imperative to know that many of these terms came from Spanish words or the adulterated version of these words. I hope that this glossary will help you comprehend the nature of this exotic art of self defense.</div>
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Abang</h5>
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-to wait defensively</div>
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Abanico</h5>
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-fan; also spelled as abaniko; it is as a form of striking characterized a snappy action of the wrist. There two types of abanico strikes. The abanico corto or short abanico strike, and abanico largo or long abanico strike.</div>
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Abecedario</h5>
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-refers to the basic striking techniques</div>
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Abierta</h5>
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-open position.</div>
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Agaw</h5>
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-to disarm or take away the weapon or stick of the opponent.</div>
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Aldabis</h5>
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- A diagonal upward strike or uppercut.</div>
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Antas</h5>
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- level or degree.</div>
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Anting- anting</h5>
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-A good luck charm. Many old practitioners of Eskrima before believe in anting-anting as an extra protection. This is a Filipino word for talisman or amulet.</div>
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Arnis</h5>
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- the Filipino martial also known as eskrima, kali which begins the training with the use of weapons and progresses to empty hand techniques both in offense and defense.</div>
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Arnisador</h5>
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- a person who practice arnis. Also known in Western Visayas as bastonero.</div>
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Arnis de mano</h5>
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-sometimes used to describe arnis. Mano means hand.</div>
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Atras</h5>
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-a backward movement or retreat.</div>
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Avante or abante</h5>
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- A forward movement</div>
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Bagsak</h5>
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- to drop suddenly or sometimes refers to overhead hard downward strike.</div>
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Baguhan</h5>
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-a novice</div>
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Bahi</h5>
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- refers to Filipino word for hard wood for stick fighting. This usually made of a very old wood of palm tree.</div>
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Baitang</h5>
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-a tagalog word for level or stages.</div>
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Bakbakan</h5>
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- a rumble or free for all fight.</div>
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Balaraw</h5>
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-a visayan word for dagger or knife.</div>
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Baligtad</h5>
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- Reverse or inside out</div>
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Bali</h5>
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- to break</div>
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Balisong</h5>
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-Butterfly knife invented in Batangas which became very popular not only Philippines but also in other parts of the world. It came from the words bali which means to break and songay which refers to the horn of the Philippine carabao. This is because the handle of this knife is folding and partly made of carabao horn.</div>
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Banda y banda</h5>
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-It is a form of striking in which the cane moves horizontally across the body. In doing the inward strike the palm should be facing upward while the palm is facing downward when doing the outward strike.</div>
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Bangkaw</h5>
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- Spear</div>
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Bantay</h5>
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-To guard or watch</div>
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Bantay kamay</h5>
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- The guard hand sometimes called as the “alive hand”</div>
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Baston</h5>
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-a stick or walking stick. Also refers to arnis stick</div>
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Batikan</h5>
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-Certified expert</div>
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Batikang Eskrimador</h5>
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-Certified expert in eskrima</div>
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Binangon</h5>
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- a typical bolo in Iloilo province.</div>
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Bolo</h5>
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- A farm implement primarily use for cutting woods or bamboos.</div>
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Buhat –Araw</h5>
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- An overhead powerful strike</div>
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Bungkol</h5>
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- a very strong thrust wherein the long stick is held by two hands. It can be done using the tip or the base of the cane.</div>
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Bunot</h5>
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- To draw a sword or dagger</div>
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Bunot-kaluban</h5>
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-An upward slash followd by a downward slash; drawing and slashing technique</div>
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Busalian</h5>
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-A Hiligaynon word for powerful warrior</div>
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Cadena</h5>
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-chain. In arnis, there is de cadena strikes or movements.</div>
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Cadena de mano</h5>
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- chain movements of hands.</div>
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Centro</h5>
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-Center</div>
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Cinco teros</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-it means five strikes. There are styles of Arnis using five basic strikes.</div>
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Contra</h5>
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-Against or opposite</div>
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Contrada</h5>
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-Counter</div>
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Corto</h5>
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-Short or close range</div>
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Daga</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A dagger, knife, sometimes called punyal</div>
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Dakop</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To catch.</div>
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Dalagangan</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A visayan word for a renown and very powerful warrior.</div>
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De Cuerdas</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-a style of arnis. Cuerdas means string. So it is literally means with string.</div>
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Delikado</h5>
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-Dangerous</div>
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Depensa</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Defense</div>
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Depensa-opensiba</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Offensive defense</div>
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Derecho</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Direct</div>
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Dikitan</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Very close or close quarters</div>
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Disarma</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Disarming</div>
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Doble</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Double</div>
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Doblete</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- double or repeat, it is also refer to double strikes</div>
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Doce Pares</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Twelve Pairs. It is also a style of eskrima popularized by GM “Cacoy” Canete in Cebu, Philippines.</div>
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Dos Manos</h5>
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-It means two hands.</div>
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Dukot</h5>
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- To snatch, seize unexpectedly</div>
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Dulo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-The tip or the tip of the stick or blade</div>
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Dulo-dulo</h5>
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-It may refer to a palm stick with pointed ends use as one of the weapons in arnis training.</div>
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Dumog</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Filipino wrestling or the Filipino grappling art.</div>
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Duslak</h5>
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- A visayan term means to thrust</div>
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Elastiko</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Elastic also refer the style of strike characterized by bending the upper body backward to avoid a strike and by countering it immediately by leaning forward coupled with a counter strike.</div>
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Enganyo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-feint or fake movements to draw the opponent to attack so he will be vulnerable to counter attack.</div>
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Entrada</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-The first movement</div>
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Ekis</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- X or x-strike</div>
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Eskrima</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-another name for Arnis. It also means fencing</div>
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Eskrimador</h5>
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- Also called bastonero in Western Visayas; an arnis or eskrima practitioner</div>
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Eskrimahay</h5>
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- fighting with the use of stick or sword</div>
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Espada</h5>
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- sword</div>
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Espada y daga</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Sword and dagger. This is also one form of practising arnis wherein the practitioner use sword and dagger simultaneously.</div>
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Estrella</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-it means star. A series of five strikes which forms the figure of a star.</div>
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Figura</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-figure or form. In arnis it may refer to the form of strikes like estrella, otso-otso etc.</div>
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Galang</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Respect</div>
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Gantihan</h5>
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- Exchange of blows.</div>
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Garote</h5>
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- Also refers to stick or sword</div>
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Ginunting</h5>
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-A long sword in Panay</div>
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Gunting</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Scissors also refers to a martial art maneuvers to trap, immobilize an opponent to execute a more fatal technique. This maneuver can be done by hands or legs.</div>
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Guro or Guru</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-means a teacher or instructor.</div>
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Hakbang</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
– Footwork</div>
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Hakbang paiwas</h5>
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- Side step to avoid an incoming attack</div>
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Hagad- hubad</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-a Visayan word for strike and counters.</div>
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Hagis</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-To throw or throwing technique</div>
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Haboy</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Hiligaynon word for throwing technique.</div>
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Handus</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-to stab specifically in hammer grip position</div>
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Hanot</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Strike</div>
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Hanot derecho</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Direct strike or attack</div>
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Hanot centro</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Center strike</div>
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Hatak</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To hold and full</div>
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Hawak</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- to hold</div>
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Hawak punyo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A regular hold of stick with one to four inches allowance from the base of the cane.</div>
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Hawak sagad</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A way of holding a cane or grip with no punyo.</div>
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Hawak saksak</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A regular or hammer grip when holding a dagger and the like.</div>
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Higot</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-It is also a Visayan word which means to tie.</div>
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Hulagpos</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To escape from capture or restraint by the opponent.</div>
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Hulog</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To drop; this may refer to a very quick downward strike to beat an opponent to a count.</div>
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Ibabaw</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Above or on the top of</div>
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Ilag</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To evade</div>
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Ilalim</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Under or underneath</div>
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Ipit</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A trapping technique that can be applied to fingers arm, neck and other parts of the body.</div>
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Ipit-pilipit</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-This is a system of trapping and squeezing the opponent’s body parts which open result to submission. This Eskrima system is popularized by GM Cristino Vasquez of Modern Arnis.</div>
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Isganan</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A warrior</div>
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Iwas</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-To avoid.</div>
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Kaabtik</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Alertness</div>
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Kalas</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Disengage</div>
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Kalasag</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Shield</div>
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Kalas Sandata</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Disarming technique</div>
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Kali</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Other term for Eskrima which became very popular term for the FMA in western countries probably derived from kamot lihok which means the movements of hand.</div>
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Kasa</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To accept a challenge to fight</div>
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Kengkoy</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-derogatory term used for unrealistic or impractical styles of fighting</div>
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Kinamutay</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-akin to mano-mano or empty hand techniques; also called “alimahay” in “Kinaray-a”- one of the native dialect in Panay Islands.</div>
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Kris</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Serpentine blade knife or sword</div>
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Krusada</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a form or figure of strikes which form a cross. The first strike is crossed by the second strike and a second strike is crossed by the third strike etc…</div>
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Labaha</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
–Razor blade</div>
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Laban</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To fight</div>
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Labanang dikitan</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A close quarter combat</div>
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Labanang malapitan</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Medium range combat</div>
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Labanang malayuan</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Long range combat</div>
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Laban laro</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Combat drills or play fight designed to develop speed, timing etc…</div>
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Laban Paluan</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Free-style sparring or fighting</div>
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Largo mano</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Long range.</div>
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Lubud</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To blend</div>
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Lubad</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- to untie; to get free from a hold or lock</div>
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Kaabtik</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Agility; alertness</div>
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Maharlika</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Nobility</div>
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Malakas</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Strong; powerful</div>
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Mandirigma</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A Warrior; also called “isganan” in Panay Islands.</div>
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Mano-mano</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Hand to hand; hand to hand fighting</div>
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Masugid</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Dedicated</div>
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Matibay</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Strong, durable, lasting</div>
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Matira ang matibay</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Survival of the fittest</div>
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Metodo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Method</div>
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Olisi</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Same as baston or stick</div>
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Opensiba</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Offensive</div>
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Opo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Respectful way of saying yes</div>
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Orasyon or oracion</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- It may refer to a prayer for protection; believed by old eskrima practitioners as magical words for protection</div>
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Ordabis</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a backhand slash.</div>
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Paayon</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Go with the force</div>
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Paberik</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-The act of wielding the stick continuously in a very fast manner. This word is commonly use in Panay Island.</div>
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Pagsasanay</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Training</div>
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Pakal</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a style of stabbing using the reverse or ice pick position.</div>
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Palo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Strike; also called as hanot, lampos in Panay Islands.</div>
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Pangamot</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Empty hand proficiency; it came from the word “kamut” mean hand; a person who is good in Eskrima.</div>
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Pangilug</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-disarming</div>
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Paniil</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-one’s ability to use his legs for offense and defense</div>
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Piglas</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-to struggle or resist; to get free from a hold</div>
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Pikon</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-One who is easily angered or upset</div>
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Piktos</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A snap strike</div>
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Pilantik</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Usually refers to an overhead abaniko strikes</div>
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Pinasaka</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Also known as pataas which means upward. In eskrima it refers to an upward strike.</div>
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Pinatindog</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- It may refer to a downward vertical strike or block. From the word” Tindog” means to stand.</div>
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Pinatag</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A horizontal strike, from the word” patag” means plane area of the land.</div>
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Pit-al</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A locking technique</div>
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Pintok</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A wrist snap strike usually delivered overhead</div>
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Pit-ol</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A wrist snap strike delivered to any part of the body</div>
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Pinuti</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A long visayan sword; In Panay Islands it refers to knife.</div>
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Pit-al</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- The act of immobilizing the opponent by means of the stick, hands or legs.</div>
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Pugay</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Respect and salutation</div>
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Punyo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- the butt of the stick; a strike using the butt of the weapon</div>
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Redondo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-round; a circular strikes.</div>
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Redonda</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A double-stick style of striking composed of six flowing strikes.</div>
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Rompida</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- It is a style of striking in which the cane moves up and down vertically. When striking upward the arm is twisted so that the palm is facing to the right and the palm is facing to the left when striking downward.</div>
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Sagang</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Block also called sangga</div>
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Saguidas</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-reflexology equipment also called dulo-dulo which is used also as one of eskrima equipment for self dedense.</div>
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Saksak</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Stab</div>
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Salag</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Block</div>
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Saludo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Giving respect; bow; pugay</div>
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Sangga</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-block, sagang, salag</div>
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Serada</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Close</div>
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Sibat</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Another Visayan term for spear; technically this refer to a piece of pointed bamboo or wood use as spear for hunting wild animals like pigs, etc…</div>
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Sikaran</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Kicking</div>
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Siko</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Elbow</div>
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Sikuha</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- striking the opponent using your elbow</div>
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Simula</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Start</div>
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Sinawali</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A double-stick style of striking. It is named because of its intricate movements resemble the “sawali”-the bamboo splits woven mat-like which the people in the bamboo-growing region in the Philippines use for walling.</div>
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Sinulog</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a primitive war dance which contains eskrima movements and techniques.</div>
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Sumbrada</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-It is a flowing drill consisting of offense, defense and counter strikes designed to develop speed timing and other attributes of a good Eskrimador.</div>
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Sumbag</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To punch</div>
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Sumbaganay</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Fist fighting or boxing</div>
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Sundang</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a very common term in Western Visayas for a knife.</div>
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Tadtad</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Repeated fast blows</div>
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Talibong</h5>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">>- A sword also in Panay believes to have originated in the province of Antique.</span><br />
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</div>
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Taming</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- shield</div>
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Tampa</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A strike using the palm of the hand.</div>
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Tapado</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-A style of Eskrima which use a long and bigger stick. This style employs a two-hand grip.</div>
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Tapi</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- To parry</div>
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Tapi-tapi drill</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A flowing drill composed striking and parrying. It can be done with or without weapon in the hands.</div>
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Tayo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Stand; stance</div>
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Tiempo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Timing</div>
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Tiras or tiros</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Strikes</div>
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Totsada</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a drill composed of thrusting your partner or opponent to the different parts of the body.</div>
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Trangka</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-lock</div>
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Hanot trangka</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a locking strike</div>
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Totsar</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-To thrust quickly</div>
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Tuhod</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- knee</div>
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Tuhuda</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- A Hiligaynon word for a knee kick or to deliver a knee kick</div>
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Tungkod</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- a long stick</div>
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Ulo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- head</div>
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Uloha</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Means to head butt your opponent.</div>
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Yantok</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Stick, cane</div>
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Wedo</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
-Formlessless; A style of arnis founded by GM Jesus Pallorina popularized by GM Frank Sobrino</div>
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Waswas</h5>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
- Relentless determined beatings; barrage of strikes.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'PT Sans', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">
Prepared by: Guru Melecio O. Balberde</div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-10856804889427122952012-08-21T06:41:00.002-07:002012-08-21T06:41:46.776-07:00Sorry for the inconvenience<br />
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PUGAY!</div>
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We apologize for the inconvenient browsing. We are updating our blog. Please bear with us. Anyone interested to train with us can still reach us through the contact information posted on the right side of our page. Feel free to browse still our site and recommend suggestions and recommendations on how we can improve this site. Have a great day!</div>
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Salamat!</div>
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Sinag FMA Family</div>
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Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-63314476306251708452012-08-21T06:29:00.001-07:002012-08-21T06:29:40.169-07:00NATIONAL HEROES DAY TRAINING<div style="text-align: center;">
<img height="400" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/417454_3994666598334_919107953_n.jpg" width="309" /></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Contact:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Punong Lakan Pet Nicolas</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">+63-906-482-2277</b></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-44564548589795087892012-08-20T22:44:00.002-07:002012-08-20T22:52:05.772-07:00LARAW KALI PAMUOK SEMINAR<div style="text-align: center;">
<img height="400" src="http://a6.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/574689_411846048873442_1486944190_n.jpg" width="309" /></div>
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<img height="308" src="http://a2.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/418771_411845642206816_1912027907_n.jpg" width="400" /></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-5720708642355348212012-08-16T18:20:00.002-07:002012-08-16T18:27:55.730-07:00ARNIS SEMINAR (COMBATIVE SIDE)<div style="text-align: center;">
<img height="400" src="http://a2.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/562784_3977778216135_1543126355_n.jpg" width="309" />
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<span style="color: #7f6000; font-size: x-large;"><b>Contact:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><i><b>Punong Lakan Pet Nicolas</b></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><b>+63-906-482-2277</b></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-58640529644024422392012-08-16T18:19:00.001-07:002012-08-16T18:19:40.901-07:00ARNIS SEMINAR FOR TEACHERS AND BEGINNERS<br />
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<img height="400" src="http://a4.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/538998_3974777621122_497211194_n.jpg" width="308" />
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<span style="color: #7f6000; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #7f6000; font-size: x-large;"><b>Contact:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><i><b>Punong Lakan Pet Nicolas</b></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><b>+63-906-482-2277</b></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-22745837333490569132012-08-16T18:17:00.004-07:002012-08-16T18:17:25.787-07:00MANO-MANO SYSTEM SEMINAR<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #7f6000; font-size: x-large;"><b>Contact:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><i><b>Punong Lakan Pet Nicolas</b></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><b>+63-906-482-2277</b></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-26995555406364515792012-08-14T19:46:00.002-07:002012-08-14T19:46:15.616-07:00Ladies Self-Defense<div style="text-align: center;">
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Contact:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Punong Lakan Pet Nicolas</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-size: x-large;"><b style="background-color: white;">+63-906-482-2277</b></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-3856428664160357722012-08-13T23:23:00.004-07:002012-08-13T23:26:27.705-07:00Buwan ng Wika and Holiday Training<br />
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<img height="400" src="http://a3.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/417257_3966305489324_354728232_n.jpg" width="309" /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Unit 204 CK Sy Diamond Building</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">156 Libertad Street, Pasay City</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">near AIMS and Pasay City Sports Complex</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Contact:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: large;"><b><i>Punong Lakan Pet Nicolas</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><b>+63-906-482-2277</b></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-10911580904379116282012-08-13T19:16:00.000-07:002012-08-13T19:18:42.664-07:00SAMA-SAMA SA BAGONG LANDAS 2012<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: red;">Sayoc Fighting International</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">will be conducting its semi-annual seminar, featuring</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7f6000; font-size: x-large;"><b>Tuhon Michael Anthony Sayoc</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">and our brother</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><b>Muallim Sirat Al-Sayf.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Everyone's invited!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Casa Hacienda, Tejeros Convention,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Rosario, Cavite 4106</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Philippines</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Saturday, September 1, 2012</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">8:00AM</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Contact:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #783f04; font-size: x-large;"><b>Lakan Guro Leopoldo Lasaleta</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">at <span style="color: #4c1130;"><b>(+63) 929-320-8877</b></span></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-88842085565067002922012-08-13T19:12:00.002-07:002012-08-13T19:14:49.564-07:00Knife Fighting Seminar<div style="text-align: center;">
<img height="400" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/426708_3965309424423_1286204476_n.jpg" width="308" />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #783f04; font-size: x-large;"><b>Contact:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Punong Lakan Pet Nicolas</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>+63-906-482-2277</b></span></div>
Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-29191729433361888492012-08-12T20:21:00.003-07:002012-08-13T23:41:48.443-07:00ONLINE STORE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Q Initiatives (Outdoor Gear/Sporting Goods)</div>
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Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-84115287660059313492012-08-12T19:04:00.000-07:002012-08-12T19:04:59.352-07:00MAMFMA 363 Modern Sinawali Seminar<img height="400" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-d-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/395796_3961830537453_1493633187_n.jpg" width="309" />Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2212388590288064322.post-84696861856802648802012-08-12T18:57:00.003-07:002012-08-12T18:59:46.549-07:00MAMFMA Espada y Daga Training<img height="400" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-a-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/420152_3957616712110_1321524917_n.jpg" width="307" />Sinag Filipino Martial Arts Institutehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14582120325770192473noreply@blogger.com